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Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis in the training cohorts

From: Development, validation, and visualization of a web-based nomogram to predict 5-year mortality risk in older adults with hypertension

Variables

Full Modela

Final Modelb

 

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

Factors Selected

 Age, years

1.101 [1.079, 1.124]

< 0.001

1.105 [1.085, 1.126]

< 0.001

Sex

 Male

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Female

0.452 [0.346, 0.587]

< 0.001

0.504 [0.397, 0.639]

< 0.001

Diabetes

 Absence

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Presence

1.409 [0.982, 2.007]

0.060

1.415 [1.112, 1.798]

0.005

Cardiovascular disease

 Absence

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Presence

1.821 [1.443, 2.296]

< 0.001

1.814 [1.449, 2.268]

< 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m2

 < 25

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 25-30

0.728 [0.562, 0.942]

0.016

0.714 [0.554, 0.919]

0.009

 ≥30

0.737 [0.549, 0.990]

0.043

0.733 [0.550, 0.976]

0.034

Smoking

 Never

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Former

1.315 [1.043, 1.659]

0.021

1.313 [1.043, 1.653]

0.021

 Current

2.459 [1.653, 3.635]

< 0.001

2.687 [1.830, 3.921]

< 0.001

Lipid-lowering drugs

 Absence

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Presence

0.676 [0.520, 0.873]

0.003

0.672 [0.522, 0.861]

0.002

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

1.005 [1.000, 1.010]

0.061

1.005 [1.000, 1.010]

0.030

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

0.898 [0.823, 0.981]

0.017

0.904 [0.833, 0.981]

0.016

 Albumin, g/dL

0.926 [0.892, 0.962]

< 0.001

0.924 [0.890, 0.958]

< 0.001

 Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL

1.083 [1.037, 1.131]

< 0.001

1.087 [1.050, 1.125]

< 0.001

Factors Not Selected

Ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic White

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

0.875 [0.628, 1.213]

0.427

NA

NA

 Other Hispanic

0.556 [0.240, 1.157]

0.139

NA

NA

 Other races

0.878 [0.627, 1.220]

0.444

NA

NA

Education

 less than high school

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 high school or above

0.942 [0.743, 1.196]

0.624

NA

NA

The income to poverty ratios

 ≤1.3

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 > 1.3

1.156 [0.903, 1.477]

0.248

NA

NA

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

1.003 [0.994, 1.011]

0.528

NA

NA

Antihypertensive drugs

 Absence

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Presence

0.970 [0.765, 1.230]

0.798

NA

NA

Hypoglycemic agents

 Absence

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Presence

1.141 [0.763, 1.714]

0.522

NA

NA

Antiplatelet drugs

 Absence

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Presence

0.841 [0.537, 1.294]

0.440

NA

NA

Marital status

 Married

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

 Widowed or divorced

1.230 [0.963, 1.572]

0.097

NA

NA

 Single

1.041 [0.586, 1.776]

0.886

NA

NA

 Total cholesterol /High density lipoprotein cholesterol

1.005 [0.925, 1.091]

0.901

NA

NA

 White blood cells, 1000 cells/uL

1.020 [0.984, 1.054]

0.213

NA

NA

 HbA1C, %

0.952 [0.826, 1.091]

0.490

NA

NA

 Platelet, 1000 cells/uL

1.001 [0.999, 1.002]

0.460

NA

NA

 eGFR, mg/min/1.73 m2

0.999 [0.992, 1.006]

0.788

NA

NA

 Model performance

Full Model

 

Final Model

 

 AIC

2305.8

 

2286.0

 

 C-index (95%CI)

0.762(0.739-0.784)

 

0.759(0.736-0.782)

 

 Hosmer-Lemeshow testc

χ2 = 6.065 (P value =0.640)

 

χ2 = 10.976 (P value =0.203)

 
  1. aThe full model included 24 predictors: age, sex, ethnicity, education, marital status, the income to poverty ratios, smoking, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and antiplatelet drugs, BMI, SBP, DBP, TC/HDLC, HbA1C, white blood cells, hemoglobin, platelet, albumin, BUN, and eGFR
  2. bThe final model included 11 predictors: age, sex, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, BMI, smoking, lipid-lowering drugs, SBP, hemoglobin, albumin, and BUN
  3. cThe Hosmer-Lemeshow test was applied to test the goodness of fit and a P value > 0.05 was considered good fit HbA1C hemoglobin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CI confidence interval, AIC Akaike information criterion
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BMC Geriatrics

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