Table 1 Baseline characteristics in training and validation cohorts
Variables | training cohort | validation cohort |
|---|---|---|
|  | (n = 2691) | (n = 1737) |
Demographic | ||
 Age, years | 74.70 ± 6.41 | 73.74 ± 5.17 |
Sex, n (%) | ||
 Male | 1311 (48.7) | 848 (48.8) |
 Female | 1380 (51.3) | 889 (51.2) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
 Non-Hispanic White | 1675 (62.2) | 1090 (62.8) |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 453 (16.8) | 286 (16.5) |
 Other Hispanic | 75 (2.8) | 119 (6.9) |
 Other races | 488 (18.1) | 242 (13.9) |
Education, n (%) | ||
 less than high-school | 1111 (41.3) | 631 (36.3) |
 high school or above | 1580 (58.7) | 1106 (63.7) |
Marital status, n (%) | ||
 Married | 1477 (54.9) | 958 (55.2) |
 Widowed or divorced | 1099 (40.8) | 694 (40.0) |
 Single | 115 (4.3) | 85 (4.9) |
The income to poverty ratios, n (%) | ||
 ≤1.3 | 1885 (70.0) | 1237 (71.2) |
 > 1.3 | 806 (30.0) | 500 (28.8) |
Smoking, n (%) | ||
 Never | 1312 (48.8) | 817 (47.0) |
 Former | 1152 (42.8) | 759 (43.7) |
 Current | 227 (8.4) | 161 (9.3) |
Comorbidities | ||
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | ||
 Absence | 1890 (70.2) | 1216 (70.0) |
 Presence | 801 (29.8) | 521 (30.0) |
Diabetes, n (%) | ||
 Absence | 1979 (73.5) | 1175 (67.6) |
 Presence | 712 (26.5) | 562 (32.4) |
Biomeasures | ||
Body mass index, kg/m2, n (%) | ||
 < 25 | 735 (27.3) | 435 (25.0) |
 25-30 | 1084 (40.3) | 652 (37.5) |
 ≥30 | 872 (32.4) | 650 (37.4) |
 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 148.97 ± 22.69 | 142.07 ± 21.56 |
 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 69.90 ± 13.73 | 67.07 ± 13.34 |
 Total cholesterol /High density lipoprotein cholesterol | 4.07 ± 1.32 | 3.85 ± 1.32 |
 White blood cells, 1000 cells/uL | 7.14 ± 2.88 | 7.07 ± 2.21 |
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.06 ± 1.45 | 13.81 ± 1.53 |
 Platelet, 1000 cells/uL | 251.01 ± 70.90 | 237.57 ± 69.72 |
 Albumin, g/dL | 41.91 ± 3.03 | 41.55 ± 3.02 |
 Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 6.28 ± 2.84 | 6.33 ± 2.90 |
 eGFR, mg/min/1.73 m2 | 69.94 ± 20.92 | 68.53 ± 19.52 |
 HbA1C, % | 5.92 ± 1.02 | 6.06 ± 0.93 |
Drugs | ||
Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | ||
 Absence | 963 (35.8) | 421 (24.2) |
 Presence | 1728 (64.2) | 1316 (75.8) |
Hypoglycemic agents, n (%) | ||
 Absence | 2288 (85.0) | 1483 (85.4) |
 Presence | 403 (15.0) | 254 (14.6) |
Lipid-lowering drugs, n (%) | ||
 Absence | 1898 (70.5) | 1016 (58.5) |
 Presence | 793 (29.5) | 721 (41.5) |
Antiplatelet drugs, n (%) | ||
 Absence | 2550 (94.8) | 1515 (87.2) |
 Presence | 141 (5.2) | 222 (12.8) |
5-year mortality, n (%) | ||
 Survival | 2174 (80.8) | 1440 (82.9) |
 Death | 517 (19.2) | 297 (17.1) |