Table 2 Description of characteristics of the sample during the lockdown due to COVID-19
Characteristics | Included N = 94 | Mild emotional Distress during lockdown, n = 41a | Moderate-to-severe emotional distress during lockdown, n = 53a | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Living alone, % (n) | 38,3 (36) | 34,2 (14) | 41,5 (22) | 0,466 |
Who lives at home, % (n) | ||||
Family | 53,2 (50) | 58,5 (24) | 49,1 (26) | 0,718 |
Formal caregiver | 4,3 (4) | 2,4 (1) | 5,7 (3) | |
Family and formal caregiver | 4,3 (4) | 4,9 (2) | 3,8 (2) | |
Social contact maintained by, % (n): | ||||
Phone | 77,0 (67) | 66,7 (24) | 84,3 (43) | 0,154 |
Video-call | 9,2 (8) | 13,9 (5) | 5,9 (3) | |
Phone and Video-call | 13,8 (12) | 19,4 (7) | 9,8 (5) | |
Social contact different than family, % (n) | 46,8 (44) | 36,6 (15) | 54,7 (29) | 0,081 |
Frequency of social contact, % (n) | ||||
Daily | 84,0 (79) | 82,9 (34) | 84,9 (45) | 0,397 |
Once/twice a week | 11,7 (11) | 9,8 (4) | 13,2 (7) | |
No contact | 4,3 (4) | 7,3 (3) | 1,9 (1) | |
Received support for housework, % (n) | 40,4 (38) | 41,5 (17) | 39,6 (21) | 0,857 |
Received help with groceries and medication, % (n) | 100,0 (94) | 100,0 (41,0) | 100,0 (53) | |
Activities to stay active during lockdownb, % (n) | ||||
Housework | 47,9 (45) | 43,9 (18) | 50,9 (27) | 0,498 |
Leisure activitiesc | 36,2 (34) | 22,0 (9) | 47,2 (25) | 0,012 |
Music/ TV | 70,2 (66) | 58,5 (24) | 79,3 (42) | 0,029 |
Provide care | 5,3 (5) | 2,4 (1) | 7,6 (5) | 0,274 |
Reading | 27,6 (26) | 26,8 (11) | 28,3 (15) | 0,874 |
Social contact | 10,6 (10) | 14,6 (6) | 7,6 (4) | 0,269 |
Use of technology | 5,3 (5) | 7,3 (3) | 3,8 (2) | 0,448 |
Self-reported health status, % (n) | ||||
Low | 6,4 (6) | 0,0 (0) | 11,3 (6) | 0,033 |
Normal or regular | 66,0 (62) | 63,4 (26) | 67,9 (36) | |
Good or Excellent | 27,7 (26) | 36,6 (15) | 20,8 (11) | |
Self-reported sleep quality, good-excellentd, % (n) | 50,0 (47) | 61,0 (25) | 41,5 (22) | 0,061 |
Family member got COVID-19, % (n) | 8,5 (8) | 2,4 (1) | 13,2 (7) | 0,064 |
Relative died due to COVID-19, % (n) | 2,1 (2) | 0,0 (0) | 3,8 (2) | 0,209 |
Moderate discomfort due to COVID-19 situatione, % (n) | 45,7 (43) | 17,1 (7) | 67,9 (36) | < 0,001 |
Main concern during COVID (item 2 DME), % (n) | ||||
Economic situation | 9,6 (9) | 7,3 (3) | 11,3 (6) | 0,513 |
Family situation | 30,9 (29) | 17,1 (7) | 41,5 (22) | 0,011 |
Emotional | 5,3 (5) | 7,3 (3) | 3,8 (2) | 0,448 |
Health-related | 6,4 (6) | 4,9 (2) | 7,6 (4) | 0,600 |
Others (not specified) | 9,6 (9) | 7,3 (3) | 11,3 (6) | 0,513 |
No concerns | 37,2 (35) | 53,7 (22) | 24,5 (13) | 0,004 |
Moderate difficulty coping with the COVID-19 situation (item 3 DME)f % (n) | 33,0 (31) | 0,0 (0) | 58,5 (31) | < 0,001 |