Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics (n = 171)

Sex

 Female

92 (53.8%)

 Male

79 (46.2%)

Age, year

83.1 ± 7.5

  < 85

105 (61.4%)

  ≥ 85

66 (38.6%)

Height, cm

159.8 ± 8.9

Weight, kg

51.0 ± 11.4

ADL

7.2 ± 17.6

 Independent ADL (100)

0 (0%)

 Minimal dependent ADL (91–99)

3 (1.8%)

 Mild dependent ADL (75–90)

0 (0%)

 Moderate dependent ADL (50–74)

4 (2.3%)

 Severe dependent ADL (25–49)

9 (5.3%)

 Full dependent ADL (0–24)

155 (90.6%)

IADL

 Independent IADL

0 (0%)

 Dependent IADL

171 (100%)

MMSE-KC

1.4 ± 3.2

MNA

11.6 ± 4.7

Charlson Comorbidity Index

2.8 ± 1.8

Nu-DESc

2.1 ± 0.7

Living condition

 Nursing home

69 (40.4%)

 Long-term are hospital

102 (59.6%)