From: Nutritional status and associated factors of older persons in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Author | Year of publication | Study title | Country | population | Study design | Sample size | Sampling strategy | Summary of findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andia, Fourera, Soulemane., Mamane,& Adehossi. | 2019 | Evaluation of nutritional status at household in elderly assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) | Niger | Elderly persons | Descriptive cross sectional study | 384 | Multi-stage sampling method | Nutritional status was characterised by BMI and the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. MNA score of ≥24 points describes a well-nourished status. A score of 17 to 23.5 points indicates a risk of malnutrition, < 17 points indicate malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition was 7.8% which increased with the elderly from 5.8% (60 to 74 years) to 6.7% for more than 85 years old. |
Jesus, Guerchet, Pilleron, Fayemendy, Mouanga, Mbelesso,& Desport, | 2017 | Undernutrition and obesity among elderly people living in two developing cities: prevalence and associated factors in the EDAC study | Central African Republic (CAR), Congo | Aged person 65 years and above | Cross-sectional study | 990 | Random sampling | BMI < 18.5 was considered undernutrition, between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered normal weight, a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 overweight, and > 30.0 obesity. The study was conducted in two countries. While undernutrition in Congo was lower than in CAR (9.5% vs 29.5%), obesity was rather high in Congo (14.6%) than in CAR (2.7%). Socio-economic actors and food consumption were associated with malnutrition. |
Dorcah Kwamboka Okinyi | 2021 | Nutritional Status Among the Geriatrics in Nyamira County, Kenyaperson | Kenya | Persons 60 years and above person | Cross-sectional study | 230 | multi-stage sampling technique | BMI and MNA were used to determine the nutritional status of participants. Based on the BMI measure, person31% were malnourished, and 42% were at risk. MNA scores exhibited that (54%) were malnourished, 29% were at risk and 17% were well nourished. Marital status (χ2 = 27.7699, P < 0.01), level of education (χ2 = 37.260, P < 0.001) and level of stress (χ2 = 57.712, P < 0.001) were predictors of malnutrition. |
Alphas, C., Atuhairwe, C., Amongin, D., & Taremwa, M. I. | 2018 | Determinants of nutritional status among geriatric populations in Kween District, Eastern Uganda | Uganda | Older persons | Cross-sectional survey | 250 | Consecutive sampling approach | BMI and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) were used to determine the nutritional status of participants. The prevalence of malnutrition was evaluated to be 6%. The determinants of geriatric malnutrition include: age, weight, level of education, number of children, declined food intake, and as well neuropsychological problems. |
Adebusoye, L.A., Ajayi, I. O., Dailo, M. D., & Ogunniyi, A. O. | 2012 | Nutritional status of older persons presenting in a primary care clinic in Nigeria | Nigeria | Older persons 60 years and above | Cross-sectional descriptive study | 500 | Simple random sampling | A validated and standardised Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool was used to assess the nutritional status of participants. BMI, mid-arm and calf circumference, and weight were used to determine the nutritional status of participants. The prevalence of undernutrition was 7.8%, while that of overweight was 54.1%. The aged with the oral problem were more likely to suffer undernutrition. |
Robb, L., Walsh, C. M., Nel, M., Nel, A., Odendaal, H., & van Aardt, R. | 2017 | Malnutrition in the elderly residing in long-term care facilities: a cross-sectional survey using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tool | South Africa | Older persons residing in a long-term care facility | Cross-sectional | 162 | Simple random sampling | The nutritional status of participants was assessed using the MNA questionnaire. BMI, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC) were used to measure malnutrition. Participants from the low socio-economic area had a higher prevalence of malnutrition (3.2%) than those in high socio-economic areas (11.3%), while the dietary intake was significantly associated with malnutrition. |
De Rouvray, C., Jesus, P., Guerchet, M., Fayemendy, P., Mouanga, A. M., Mbelesso, P.,…& Desport, J. C. | 2014 | The nutritional status of older people with and without dementia living in an urban setting in Central Africa | The central African Republic and the Republic of Congo | Aged over 65 years | Cross-sectional survey | 1016 | Cluster sampling | BMI was used to determine the nutritional status of participants. The prevalence of undernutrition was 19.2%. Compared with healthy people, persons with dementia had an increased prevalence of undernutrition (32.0% vs 17.7%). Poor diet was as well associated with being underweight. |
Aganiba, B. A., Owusu, W. B., Steiner-Asiedu, M., & Dittoh, S. | 2015 | Association between lifestyle and health variables with nutritional status of the elderly in the northern region of Ghana | Ghana | Aged 65 years and above in the northern region | Cross-sectional study | 400 | A multi-stage sampling technique | Using BMI (in kg/ m2) as an indicator for nutritional status, 18.0% of the participants were underweight, 60.5% had normal weight, and 21.5% were overweight. Alcohol consumption and sight problems were found to have a significant negative association with BMI. More males (19.8%) than females (16.6%) had a BMI less than 18.50 kg/m2. On the other hand, more females (about 25%) than males (17%) were overweight. |
Tessfamichael, D., Gete, A. A., & Wassie, M. M. De Rouvray | 2014 | High prevalence of undernutrition among elderly people in northwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study | Ethiopia | All old people 65 years and above in Gonda town | Cross-sectional study | 757 | Two-stage cluster sampling method was used | BMI was used to measure the nutritional status of participants. The study indicated a high prevalence of undernutrition (21.9%) among the elderly. Old age range, gender, educational status, dietary diversity and socio-economic status were found to be factors affecting undernutrition. |
Turkson, R. K. D., & Maphepha T. F. | 2019 | Using novel nutritional assessment tool to assess the nutritional status of the elderly in Mazenod: the case of old-age pension scheme in Lesotho | Lesotho | Elderly 70 years and above | Cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative study | 60 | Random sampling | The Novel Nutritional Status Assessment tool was used to assess the nutritional status of elderly persons. 50% of the elderly are at risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in males (17%) is lower than in females (28%). |
Maila, G., Audain, K., & Marinda, P. A. | 2021 | Association between dietary diversity, health and nutritional status of older persons in rural Zambia | Zambia | Older persons in Milenge | Cross-sectional, descriptive study | 135 | Random sampling | Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among the respondents by calculating the body mass index (BMI). Thirty-four percent of the participants were underweight, and 8.1% were overweight. More men had severe underweight whereas the opposite was observed in women. Thus, more women were either overweight or obese. Dietary intake was significantly associated with malnutrition. |
Abdulgafar Lekan Olawumi, Bukar Alhaji Grema, Abdullahi Kabir Suleiman, Yakubu Sule Omeiza, Godpower Chinedu Michael, Abdulrahman Shuaibu | 2021 | Nutritional status and morbidity patterns of the elderly in a Northwestern Nigerian hospital: A cross-sectional study | Nigeria | Person Patients 60 years and above | Descriptive cross-sectional study | 348 | Systematic random sampling | BMI, mid-arm circumference and calf circumference (CC) were used to predict the nutritional status of participants. Prevalence of malnutrition was 25.3%, and those at risk of malnutrition were 56.6%. Advanced age, lack of formal education, low monthly income, chronic respiratory diseases, physical inactivity and duration of chronic disease for more than 10 years were the predictors of malnutrition. |
Cheserek, M. J., Tuitoek, P. J., Waudo, J. N., Msuya, J. M., & Kikafunda, J. K. | 2012a | Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of older persons in the Lake Victoria Basin of East Africa: region, sex, and age differences: original research | Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania | Older persons aged 60 years and above | Cross-sectional study | 227 men and 310 women | – | Measures used were weight, height, arm span, mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). Overall underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) was 26.4, 58.3% were normal (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 10.8% were overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and 4.5% were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Older men (29.5%) were significantly more underweight (p-value< 0.05) than older women (24.2%), overweight (12.5%) and obesity (6.8%) were significantly higher in older women |
Herve Hien, Abdramane Berthe, Maxime Koine Drabo, Nicolas Meda, Blahima Konate, Fatoumata Tou, Fatoumata Badini-Kinda and Jean Macq | 2014 | Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity among the elderly in Burkina Faso: cross-sectional study | Burkina Faso | Elderly persons 60 years and above | Cross-sectional study | 389 | Random clusters | BMI was used to determine the nutritional status of older persons. About 39% of the older persons were malnourished. Those aged ≥70 had significantly more malnutrition (50% vs. 31%, P = 0.0003) than those aged 60–69. |
B. Blankson, A. Hall | 2012 | The Anthropometric Status Of Elderly Women in Rural Ghana and Factors Associated With Low BMI. | Ghana | Elderly women aged 60 to 92 years | Cross-sectional survey | 59 | - | The weight, height, half arm span and mid-upper arm circumference (MUaC) of each woman were measured; body mass index (BMI) and body mass for arm span (BMa) were calculated. 41% of women were underweight, and 16.9% were overweight or obese. Factors associated with a low BMI were: age (P = 0.001), chewing tobacco (P = 0.002), drinking alcohol (P = 0.012), a visual acuity score of < 30% (P = 0.038), using a walking aid (P = 0.016) and the number of children who gave the women cash (P = 0.005). |
Cheserek, M. J., Waudo, J. N., Tuitoek, P. J., Msuya, J. M., & Kikafunda, J. K | 2012b | Nutritional Vulnerability of Older Persons Living in Urban Areas of Lake Victoria Basin in East Africa: A Cross Sectional Survey | Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania | Persons aged 60 years and above | Cross-sectional study | 128 | Systematic random selection | BMI was used as a nutritional status indicator by comparison to WHO cut-offs. The prevalence of underweight was 16.5%, with men (24.1%) being significantly more likely to be underweight (P < 0.05) than women (12.3%). Overall, 61.2% had normal body mass indices, 13.2% were overweight, and 9.1% were obese. Inadequate food access, poor health, living arrangements, and poor eating patterns were the main nutritional risk factors |
Faith Agbozo, Joyce Amardi-Mfoafo, Helen Dwase, Basma Ellahi | 2018 | Nutrition knowledge, dietary patterns and anthropometric indices of older persons in four peri-urban communities in Ga West municipality, Ghana | Ghana | Elderly aged 60–70 years | cross-sectional survey | 120 | Purposive Sampling technique | BMI was according to WHO age and sex-specific guidelines to determine the nutritional status of the aged. Underweight was 10%, while 21.7% were overweight or obese (16.6%). Positive insignificant corrections existed between knowledge and nutritional status (r = 0.261) and diet quality (r = 0.415). However, a strong significant (p = 0.027) positive correlation (r = 0.699) existed between diet quality and nutritional status |
Afolabi, W. A. O., Olayiwola, I. O., Sanni, S. A., & Oyawoye, O. | 2015 | Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of the Aged in Low Income Areas of Southwest, Nigeria | Nigeria | Persons aged 58–99 years | cross-sectional and descriptive | 140 | A multistage sampling technique | BMI was used to determine the nutritional status of the aged. The prevalence of underweight was low (2.9%). Being overweight was high (20% for men and 22.8% for women). Weight and BMI are influenced by the energy intake of the men (r = 0.439, p = 0.008); (r = 0.352,p = 0.038). There was a high prevalence of overweight which coexists with underweight among the aged |
GT Fadupin | 2012 | Social Support, Environmental Condition and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Ibadan | Nigeria | Persons 60 years and above |  | 150 |  | BMI was used to classify the nutritional status of the aged. The BMI of the respondents indicates that 48.0, 7.3, and 44.7% of the respondents had normal weight, underweight, and overweight or obesity, respectively |
Ogechi Chinyere Nzeagwu | 2016 | Evaluation of Nutritional Status Using Anthropometry and Biochemical Indices of Community Dwelling Older Persons in Nigeria | Nigeria | older persons of 65 years and above | cross-sectional | 600 | Multi-stage random sampling | BMI and MUAC were used to determine the nutritional status of participants. Most (62.7%) had normal BMI, while 21.33% were overweight. About 75.6% had normal MUAC, and 24.33% were malnourished. |