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Table 2 Multilevel regression results of effect of WeChat usage on depressive symptoms

From: Association between using social media WeChat and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older people: findings from a national survey

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

OR (95%CI)

P value

aOR (95%CI)

P

aOR (95%CI)

P value

WeChat usage

0.65 (0.55 -0.77)

< 0.001

0.74 (0.63-0.89)

< 0.01

0.76 (0.62-0.94)

< 0.05

Age

 

1 (0.99-1.01)

0.94

0.99 (0.98-1)

< 0.1

Gender

     

 Male

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Female

 

1.3 (1.12-1.52)

<0.01

1.34 (1.08-1.66)

< 0.01

Race

     

 Non-minority

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Minority

 

1.29 (0.93-1.79)

0.13

1.21 (0.87-1.7)

0.26

Education

     

 Primary school

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Middle school

 

0.81 (0.7-0.95)

< 0.01

0.77 (0.65-0.9)

< 0.01

 High school and above

 

0.68 (0.3-1.53)

0.353

0.67 (0.29-1.54)

0.35

Living area

     

 Urban

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Rural

 

1.42 (1.2-1.69)

< 0.001

1.5 (1.25-1.81)

< 0.001

Marital status

     

 Never married

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Married

 

0.22 (0.04-1.13)

<0.1

1 (0.17-5.77)

0.10

 Divorced or separate

 

0.26 (0.05-1.41)

0.12

0.67 (0.11-3.95)

0.65

Income category

     

 ≤25% (lower quartile)

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

 26%-50%

 

1.25 (0.87-1.82)

0.23

1.21 (0.82-1.8)

0.34

 51%-75%

 

0.91 (0.59-1.43)

0.7

0.9 (0.56-1.44)

0.66

 ≥75%

 

0.7 (0.6-0.82)

< 0.001

0.73 (0.62-0.87)

< 0.001

Smoke

     

 Non-smoker

   

Ref

 

 Smoker

   

0.96 (0.79-1.16)

0.67

Drink

     

 Non-drinker

   

Ref

 

 Drinker

   

0.93 (0.84-1.03)

0.17

General Health

   

1.42 (1.29-1.57)

< 0.001

Life satisfaction

   

1.21 (1.18-1.25)

< 0.001

Disability

   

1.29 (1.05-1.6)

< 0.05

Comorbidity number

   

1.08 (1.02-1.13)

< 0.01

ADL

   

1.45 (1.14-1.85)

< 0.01

Sleep hour at night

   

0.88 (0.84-0.92)

< 0.001

Sleep minute at noon

   

1 (1.00-1.00)

0.79

Vigorous activity

   

1.03 (1.00-1.06)

< 0.05

Moderate activity

   

0.98 (0.96-1.01)

0.19

Mild activity

   

0.98 (0.95-1.01)

0.24

Social activities attendance

   

0.99 (0.93-1.06)

0.82

Constant

0.23 (0.21-0.26)

< 0.001

0.39 (0.06-2.4)

< 0.01

0.01 (0.0-0.09)

< 0.001

  1. aOR adjusted Odds ratio, ADL Activities of Daily Living