Fig. 2

Forest plots, with means shown by closed circles and whiskers representing the 95% confidence interval. A The differences in the mean changes in body mass index (BMI) from baseline to 12-week follow-up between the laughter and control groups by area, sex, and age. A lower score indicates better BMI. B The differences in the mean changes in subjective stress from baseline to 12-week follow-up between the laughter and control groups by area, sex, and age. A lower score indicates lower subjective stress. C The differences in the mean changes in physical component summary (PCS) from baseline to 12-week follow-up between the laughter and control groups by area, sex, and age. A higher score indicates better PCS. D The differences in the mean changes in Mental component summary (MCS) from baseline to 12-week follow-up between the laughter and control groups by area, sex, and age. A higher score indicates better MCS. E The differences in the mean changes in subjective well-being from baseline to 12-week follow-up between the laughter and control groups by area, sex, and age. A higher score indicates better subjective well-being. CI: confidence interval