A study on the current state and equity level of social participation ability among older adults in Henan Province, China

Table 2 Characteristics of the study participants (N = 4593)

Index	older adults (person (%))	Score^a (\(\overline{x} \pm s\))	*t/F*	P
Age (years)
60 ≤ Age < 70	2466 (53.69)	93.66 ± 8.47	33.663	< 0.001
70 ≤ Age < 80	1656 (36.05)	92.90 ± 8.98
Age > = 80	471 (10.26)	89.99 ± 10.79
Sex
Male	2348 (51.12)	93.51 ± 8.86	3.870	< 0.001
Female	2245 (48.88)	92.49 ± 9.07	3.870	< 0.001
Residence
Urban	1249 (27.19)	94.40 ± 8.43	6.681	< 0.001
Rural	3344 (72.81)	92.49 ± 9.12	6.681	< 0.001
Educational level
Illiteracy	1204 (26.21)	90.07 ± 9.77	66.656	< 0.001
Primary school	1673 (36.42)	92.84 ± 9.12
Junior high school	1031 (22.45)	94.61 ± 7.78
High School/Technical School	538 (11.71)	95.77 ± 7.45
College degree and above	147 (3.21)	97.63 ± 5.18
Pre-retirement occupation^b
Government staffs	799 (17.40)	95.19 ± 8.07	31.063	< 0.001
Industry and service workers	748 (16.29)	94.12 ± 8.43
Agricultural staffs	1920 (41.80)	91.86 ± 9.29
Others	1126 (24.51)	92.68 ± 9.05
Income (Chinese Yuan/month)
1000 and below	2452 (53.39)	92.16 ± 8.93	22.687	< 0.001
1001–2000	1147 (24.97)	93.28 ± 9.43
2001–3000	609 (13.26)	94.31 ± 8.63
3001 and above	385 (8.38)	95.56 ± 7.56
Medical insurance^c
Basic Medical Insurance for Urban Employees^d	619 (13.48)	95.10 ± 8.37	21.665	< 0.001
Basic Medical Insurance for Urban Residents^e	663 (14.44)	94.27 ± 8.24
New Rural Cooperative Medical System^f	3156 (68.71)	92.39 ± 9.11
Others	155 (3.37)	91.89 ± 9.83

^aScore: The score of the social participation ability among older adults (SPAOA) (0–100)
^bPre-retirement occupation: Occupations that older people mainly engaged in before retirement
^cMedical insurance: The main type of medical insurance that older adults possess
^dBasic Medical Insurance for Urban Employees: In China, it refers to basic medical insurance program mandated by law, in which all urban firms’ employees must enroll. The insurance premium shall be borne by both the employer and the employee
^eBasic Medical Insurance for Urban Residents: It is a kind of basic medical insurance for urban residents. Insurance premiums are mainly paid by individual residents (families), supplemented by appropriate government subsidies. ^fNew Rural Cooperative Medical System: It is a kind of basic medical insurance established for rural residents, which raises funds by means of individual payment, collective support and government funding

ISSN: 1471-2318