Trajectories of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults in United States nursing homes

BMC Geriatrics

Table 1 Characteristics of older adults who were newly admitted to nursing homes as non-skilled nursing facility residents in 2014–2016

	All
	(n = 266,001)
	(%)
Age (years)
65—< 75	20.3
75—< 85	33.9
> = 85	45.8
Female	67.3
Race/ethnic minority	17.5
Rural nursing home	25.6
Admission source
Community	35.7
Acute hospital	38.8
Other sources^a	25.6
Physical frailty^b
Robust	17.2
Pre-frail	28.7
Frail	54.1
Cognitive impairment^c
Intact/Mild impairment	33.1
Moderate impairment	30.2
Severe impairment	36.7
Diagnosis
Cardiovascular/metabolic
Heart failure	16.5
Hypertension	75.9
Diabetes Mellitus	30.2
Neurological
Alzheimer's Disease	13.8
Cerebrovascular accident/Transient ischemic attack/Stroke	11.8
Non-Alzheimer’s/Other dementia ^d	42.5
Multiple Sclerosis	0.6
Parkinson's Disease	6.3
Seizure disorder/Epilepsy	5.3
Musculoskeletal
Arthritis	29.3
Osteoporosis	13.6
Hip fracture	2.6
Other fracture	5.8
Cancer	5.8
Asthma/Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/Chronic lung disease	18.2
Mental health
Anxiety disorder	23.3
Depression	39.8
Any presence of pain	36.6
Types of psychotropic medications received
Antipsychotics	19.0
Antianxiety	18.4
Antidepressant	46.9
Hypnotic	4.0

^a Included another nursing home/swing bed, psychiatric hospital, inpatient rehabilitation facility, intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities facility, long-term care hospitals, hospice, and other unspecified admission sources. ^b Measured by FRAIL-NH using previously validated cutoffs: robust (0–5), pre-frail (6–7), and frail (≥ 8).^c Measured by BIMS using previously validated cutoffs: intact/mild impairment (13–15), moderate impairment (8–12), and severe impairment (0–7). ^d Included non-Alzheimer’s dementia (e.g., vascular or multi-infarct dementia), mixed dementia; frontotemporal dementia (e.g., Pick’s disease), and dementia related to stroke, Parkinson’s or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

ISSN: 1471-2318