| Self-rated Happiness | Short Form-12 Mental component summary | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volunteer | Volunteer | |||||||
Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||
AOR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age (≥ 75 vs. < 75 years) | 0.70 (0.38–1.28) | 0.25 | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) | 0.47 | 1.12 (0.59–2.11) | 0.73 | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | 0.40 |
Sex (male vs. female) | 1.51 (0.67–3.41) | 0.32 | 1.28 (0.98–1.66) | 0.07 | 2.28 (0.98–5.30) | 0.06 | 1.29 (0.95–1.73) | 0.10 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||||
  < 18.5 vs. 18.5–23.9 | 1.40 (0.22–8.95) | 0.72 | 1.22 (0.76–1.96) | 0.42 | 0.84 (0.14–4.94) | 0.84 | 1.22 (0.73–2.03) | 0.46 |
  > 23.9 vs. 18.5–23.9 | 0.55 (0.31–1.00) | 0.049 | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 0.85 | 0.74 (0.39–1.40) | 0.36 | 0.87 (0.70–1.09) | 0.22 |
 Disabled vs. 18.5–23.9 | NAa | 0.99 | 1.28 (0.81–2.02) | 0.29 | NAa | 0.99 | 2.19 (1.40–3.43) | 0.001 |
 Education status (illiterate vs. literate) | 1.31 (0.55–3.11) | 0.55 | 1.77 (1.41–2.23) |  < 0.001 | 0.43 (0.15–1.20) | 0.11 | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) | 0.45 |
Marital status | ||||||||
 Single/ divorced/ separated vs. Married | 10.16 (0.68–15.58) | 0.09 | 1.40 (0.64–3.06) | 0.40 | 0.41 (0.01–13.97) | 0.62 | 1.11 (0.50–2.47) | 0.81 |
 Widowed vs. Married | 1.80 (0.89–3.67) | 0.40 | 1.21 (0.98–1.50) | 0.08 | 0.97 (0.44–2.10) | 0.93 | 0.98 (0.78–1.25) | 0.89 |
 Living status (alone vs. with others) | 1.19 (0.51–2.76) | 0.69 | 1.04 (0.77–1.42) | 0.79 | 0.69 (0.28–1.69) | 0.41 | 1.06 (0.75–1.51) | 0.73 |
 Frequency of exercise per week (≥ 3 vs. < 3 / week) | 1.26 (0.66–2.43) | 0.49 | 1.33 (1.10–1.60) | 0.003 | 0.88 (0.42–1.84) | 0.73 | 1.16 (0.94–1.43) | 0.16 |
Smoking status | ||||||||
 Ex- smoker vs. Non-smoker | 0.83 (0.32–2.17) | 0.71 | 1.55 (1.13–2.13) | 0.01 | 0.26 (0.09–0.75) | 0.01 | 0.91 (0.63–1.31) | 0.62 |
 Current smoker vs. Non-smoker | 1.35 (0.45–1.02) | 0.59 | 1.38 (0.96–1.97) | 0.08 | 0.29 (0.08–1.07) | 0.06 | 0.92 (0.60–1.39) | 0.68 |
Drinking status | ||||||||
 Ex- drinker vs. Non-drinker | 0.78 (0.19–3.27) | 0.74 | 1.02 (0.66–1.58) | 0.94 | 0.28 (0.04–2.01) | 0.21 | 0.39 (0.22–0.67) | 0.001 |
 Current drinker vs. Non-drinker | 0.89 (0.40–1.98) | 0.78 | 0.72 (0.54–0.97) | 0.03 | 0.66 (0.27–1.59) | 0.35 | 0.59 (0.42–0.85) | 0.004 |
Medical history | ||||||||
 Diabetes mellitus (yes vs. no) | 1.02 (0.49–2.08) | 0.97 | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) | 0.83 | 1.78 (0.83–3.82) | 0.14 | 1.16 (0.91–1.48) | 0.22 |
 Hypertension (yes vs. no) | 1.97 (1.03–3.76) | 0.04 | 1.19 (0.98–1.45) | 0.08 | 0.80 (0.41–1.55) | 0.50 | 0.95 (0.77–1.19) | 0.68 |
 Cardiovascular disease (yes vs. no) | 1.14 (0.61–2.16) | 0.68 | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 0.85 | 0.39 (0.19–0.82) | 0.01 | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.56 |
 Hyperlipidemia (yes vs. no) | 0.56 (0.28–1.14) | 0.11 | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 0.09 | 0.94 (0.45–1.93) | 0.86 | 0.94 (0.72–1.21) | 0.60 |
 Stroke (yes vs. no) | 0.45 (0.02–11.25) | 0.63 | 1.01 (0.66–1.56) | 0.96 | NAa | 0.99 | 1.16 (0.74–1.82) | 0.52 |
 Snore (yes vs. no) | NAa | 0.99 | 0.98 (0.72–2.30) | 0.96 | 2.18 (0.19–24.94) | 0.53 | 0.43 (0.12–1.50) | 0.18 |
Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale | ||||||||
 Depression (≥ 6 vs. < 6) | 1.10 (0.27–4.52) | 0.89 | 2.35 (1.60–3.46) |  < 0.001 | 5.74 (1.04–31.73) | 0.045 | 5.86 (4.01–8.58) |  < 0.001 |
 Anxiety (≥ 3 vs. < 3) | 2.26 (1.21–4.24) | 0.01 | 2.21 (1.80–2.72) |  < 0.001 | 4.14 (2.16–7.96) |  < 0.001 | 3.22 (2.60–3.98) |  < 0.001 |
 Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (≥ 19 vs. < 19) | 2.11 (1.13–3.92) | 0.02 | 1.86 (1.53–2.26) |  < 0.001 | 1.83 (0.93–3.60) | 0.08 | 1.63 (1.31–2.02) |  < 0.001 |
 Taking hypnotics in the past one month (yes vs. no) | 2.46 (1.25–4.85) | 0.01 | 1.48 (1.19–1.86) | 0.001 | 1.88 (0.91–3.91) | 0.09 | 1.79 (1.42–2.25) |  < 0.001 |
 Epworth Sleepiness Scale (≥ 11 vs. < 11) | 0.89 (0.34–2.31) | 0.81 | 0.98 (0.73–1.31) | 0.90 | 2.80 (1.10–7.16) | 0.03 | 1.88 (1.39–2.54) |  < 0.001 |
Athens Insomnia Scale (≥ 5 vs. < 5) | 3.91 (1.85–8.28) |  < 0.001 | 1.48 (1.18–1.86) | 0.001 | 0.64 (0.27–1.50) | 0.30 | 1.53 (1.21–1.94) |  < 0.001 |