Table 2 Univariate and multivariable logistic regression for the risk factors of ADRs among hospitalized older adults, MRRH, Uganda

Gender

Female

1.43 (1.02–2.02)

.041

1.39 (0.61–1.71)

0.932

Male

1.00

1.00

Age in years

60–75

1.27 (0.88–1.84)

0.206

1.97 (1.14–3.41)

0.015

> = 75

1.00

1.00

Ward

Medical

1.00

1.00

Surgery

0.56 (0.38–0.83)

0.004

0.64 (0.35–1.19)

0.158

Oncology

1.09 (0.68–1.73)

0.729

1.40 (0.59–3.33)

0.442

Type of admission

Not Emergency

1.00

1.00

Emergency

1.50 (1.05–2.15)

0.025

1.36 (0.66–2.79)

0.400

Previous admission in 3 months^*

No

1.00

^*

^*

Yes

0.87 (0.61–1.23)

0.420

^*

^*

Previous ADR in 1 year

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

3.12 (2.10–4.66)

< 0.001

2.43 (1.42–4.17)

0.001

Allergy history

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

2.51 (1.24–5.06)

0.010

1.15 (0.40–3.27)

0.800

Medication use in previous 3 months^*

No

1.00

^*

^*

Yes

1.00 (0.55–1.80)

0.996

^*

^*

Previous use of an herbal drug in 4 weeks^*

No

1.00

^*

^*

Yes

0.88 (0.63–1.24)

0.469

^*

^*

PIM^a

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

7.45 (5.02–11.06)

< 0.001

4.56 (2.70–7.70)

< 0.001

Polypharmacy

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

9.40 (6.30–14.04)

< 0.001

3.29 (1.98–5.46)

< 0.001

Clinically significant DDI^b

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

3.28 (2.28–4.71)

< 0.001

0.68 (0.37–1.23)

0.201

CCI^c

<=5

1.00

1.00

> = 6

10.69 (6.89–16.58)

< 0.001

8.47 (4.85–14.99)

< 0.001

Kidney disease

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

3.17 (2.03–4.95)

< 0.001

1.95 (1.05–3.61)

0.034

Liver disease

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

3.34 (1.97–5.63)

< 0.001

1.96 (0.95–4.05)

0.70

Heart failure

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

3.30 (1.91–5.70)

< 0.001

2.83 (1.34–6.02)

0.007

Diabetes^*

No

1.00

^*

^*

Yes

1.26 (0.74–2.13)

0.396

^*

^*

Cancer

No

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.31 (0.91–1.87)

0.146

0.88 (0.42–1.84)

0.730

Hospital stay (days)

<=5

1.00

1.00

5–10

1.35 (0.89–2.05)

0.156

1.64 (0.90–3.00)

0.106

> = 11

2.76 (1.77–4.29)

< 0.001

3.53 (1.89–6.61)

< 0.001