Table 1 Univariate analysis for patient, disease, and drug characteristics of older adults admitted at MRRH, southwestern Uganda from November 2020 to May 2021
From: Predictors of hospital-acquired adverse drug reactions: a cohort of Ugandan older adults
Exposures | Frequency (%) (N = 523) | Outcome | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Categories | ‘No ADR’ Frequency (%) | ADR Frequency (%) | |
Gender | Female | 254 (48.6) | 118 (46.5) | 136 (53.5) |
Male | 269 (51.4) | 149 (55.4) | 120 (44.6) | |
Age in years; median (Interquartile Range) = 67 (62–76) | 60–75 | 356 (68.1) | 175 (49.2) | 181 (50.8) |
> = 75 | 167 (31.9) | 92 (55.1) | 75 (44.9) | |
Ward of admission | Medical | 262 (50.1) | 123 (46.9) | 139 (53.1) |
Surgery | 163 (31.2) | 100 (61.3) | 63 (38.7) | |
Oncology | 98 (18.7) | 44 (44.9) | 54 (55.1) | |
Type of admission | Not Emergency | 197 (37.7) | 113 (57.4) | 84 (42.6) |
Emergency | 326 (62.3) | 154 (47.2) | 172 (52.8) | |
Previous admission (3 months) | No | 293 (56.0) | 145 (49.5) | 148 (50.5) |
Yes | 230 (44.0) | 122 (53.0) | 108 (47.0) | |
Previous ADR in 1 year | No | 371 (70.9) | 219 (59.0) | 152 (41.0) |
Yes | 152 (29.1) | 48 (31.6) | 104 (68.4) | |
Allergy history | No | 482 (92.5) | 254 (52.7) | 228 (47.3) |
Yes | 39 (7.5) | 12 (30.8) | 27 (69.2) | |
Medication use in previous 3 months | No | 49 (9.4) | 25 (51.0) | 24 (49.0) |
Yes | 474 (90.6) | 242 (51.1) | 232 (48.9) | |
Previous use of the herbal drug in 4 weeks | No | 251 (48.0) | 124 (49.4) | 127 (50.6) |
Yes | 272 (52.0) | 143 (52.6) | 129 (47.4) | |
PIMa | No | 304 (58.1) | 214 (70.6) | 90 (29.6) |
Yes | 219 (41.9) | 53 (24.2) | 166 (75.8) | |
Polypharmacyb | No | 245 (46.8) | 191 (78.0) | 54 (22.0) |
Yes | 278 (53.2) | 76 (27.3) | 202 (72.7) | |
Clinically significant DDIc | No | 300 (57.4) | 190 (63.3) | 110 (36.7) |
Yes | 223 (42.6) | 77 (34.5) | 146 (65.5) | |
Comorbidity | No | 185 (35.4) | 135 (73.0) | 50 (27.0) |
Yes | 338 (64.6) | 132 (39.1) | 206 (60.9) | |
CCI categoryd | <=5 | 333 (63.7) | 240 (72.1) | 93 (27.9) |
> = 6 | 190 (36.3) | 27 (14.2) | 163 (85.8) | |
Kidney diseasee | No | 408 (78.0) | 233 (57.1) | 175 (42.9) |
Yes | 115 (22.0) | 34 (29.6) | 81 (70.4) | |
Liver disease | No | 442 (84.5) | 245 (55.4) | 197 (44.6) |
Yes | 81 (15.5) | 22 (27.2) | 59 (72.8) | |
Heart failure | No | 449 (85.9) | 247 (55.0) | 202 (45.0) |
Yes | 74 (14.1) | 20 (27.0) | 54 (73.0) | |
Diabetes | No | 460 (88.0) | 238 (51.7) | 222 (48.3) |
Yes | 63 (12.0) | 29 (46.0) | 34 (54.0) | |
Cancer | No | 339 (64.8) | 181 (53.4) | 158 (46.6) |
Yes | 184 (35.2) | 86 (46.7) | 98 (53.3) | |
Length of Hospital stay | <=5 | 180 (34.4) | 110 (61.1) | 70 (38.9) |
5–10 | 186 (35.6) | 100 (53.8) | 86 (46.2) | |
> = 11 | 157 (30.0) | 57 (36.3) | 100 (63.7) | |