Skip to main content

Table 1 Sample characteristics by gender groups

From: Associations between new health conditions and healthcare service utilizations among older adults in the United Kingdom: effects of COVID-19 risks, worse financial situation, and lowered income

 

Wave 1

Wave 2

Female %

Male %

Chi square

Female %

Male %

Chi square

Age (N1 = 6952; N2 = 6710)

  

13.6175***

  

23.1389***

 50–64

18.74

12.89

 

18.30

12.01

 

 65–84

34.11

28.39

 

34.55

29.45

 

  ≥ 85

3.41

2.46

 

3.26

2.43

 

Region (N1 = 6947; N2 = 6695)

  

1.0978

  

1.1421

 Urban

41.08

31.45

 

41.00

31.61

 

 Rural

15.17

12.29

 

15.07

12.32

 

Long-standing condition (N1 = 6951; N2 = 6705)

  

0.2008

  

1.5761

 No

26.59

20.43

 

32.33

24.62

 

 Yes

29.68

23.31

 

23.77

19.27

 

COVID-19 risks (N1 = 6952; N2 = 6710)

  

0.8526

  

0.4526

 No

46.16

36.26

 

42.41

33.49

 

 Yes

10.10

7.48

 

13.70

10.40

 

New health conditions (N1 = 6952; N2 = 6396)

  

0.8212

  

0.3729

 No

44.85

35.26

 

45.34

35.57

 

 Yes

11.41

8.49

 

10.88

8.21

 

Worse financial situation (N1 = 6946; N2 = 6701)

  

18.2710***

  

12.7434***

 No

46.86

34.70

 

47.52

35.77

 

 Yes

9.39

9.06

 

8.57

8.15

 

Lowered income (N1 = 6930; N2 = 6698)

  

6.6318**

  

6.5161**

 No

47.42

35.97

 

48.69

37.22

 

 Yes

8.76

7.85

 

7.36

6.73

 

Treatment cancellation (N1 = 6950; N2 = 3101)

  

6.4741**

  

0.0839

 No

46.01

36.79

 

42.28

34.05

 

 Yes

10.24

6.95

 

13.25

10.42

 

Accessible care (N1 = 1907; N2 = 3409)

  

5.3031**

  

2.6850

 No

33.04

28.00

 

12.88

10.38

 

 Yes

23.18

15.78

 

45.00

31.74

 
  1. ** and *** denote significance at 5, and 1% levels, respectively