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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Life Stage at the Time of Famine Exposure in CHARLS

From: Early-life exposure to Chinese famine and stroke risk in mid- to late life: the mediating roles of cognitive function and depression

 

Unexposed 1963–1966 (N = 1968)

Fetally exposed 1959–1962 (N = 1575)

Childhood-exposed 1949–1958 (N = 5129)

Adolescence/adulthood-exposed 1921–1948 (N = 4009)

P value

Childhood covariates, n (%)

Childhood economic status

   

0.153

 Good

192 (9.76)

150 (9.52)

416 (8.11)

359 (8.95)

 

 Fair

1021 (51.88)

818 (51.94)

2616 (51.00)

2047 (51.06)

 

 Poor

755 (38.36)

607 (38.54)

2097 (40.89)

1603 (39.99)

 

Childhood health status

    

0.248

 Good

678 (34.45)

565 (35.87)

1815 (35.39)

1372 (34.22)

 

 Fair

1041 (52.90)

831 (52.76)

2619 (51.06)

2118 (52.83)

 

 Poor

249 (12.65)

179 (11.37)

695 (13.55)

519 (12.95)

 

Adulthood covariates, n (%)

Age in 2011a

46.76 (1.07)

50.29 (1.17)

57.54 (2.76)

69.84 (5.75)

< 0.001

Male

840 (42.68)

723 (45.90)

2505 (48.84)

2004 (49.99)

< 0.001

Rural residence

1221 (62.04)

997 (63.30)

3335 (65.02)

2597 (64.78)

0.085

Married

1912 (97.15)

1489 (94.54)

4744 (92.49)

3083 (76.90)

< 0.001

Ethnic Han

1823 (92.63)

1430 (90.79)

4720 (92.03)

3746 (93.44)

0.004

Education

    

< 0.001

 Less than primary school

462 (23.48)

432 (27.43)

2620 (51.08)

2330 (58.12)

 

 Primary school or above

1506 (76.52)

1143 (72.57)

2509 (48.92)

1679 (41.88)

 

Exposed to severe famine

792 (40.24)

579 (36.76)

2078 (40.51)

1662 (41.46)

0.015

Income (Chinese yuan)a

30,687.19 (41,771.75)

29,800.58 (48,565.44)

25,778.89 (38,968.84)

21,525.62 (36,813.99)

< 0.001

Smoking status

    

< 0.001

 Nonsmoker

1308 (66.46)

984 (62.48)

2996 (58.41)

2333 (58.19)

 

 Former smoker

168 (8.54)

133 (8.44)

554 (10.80)

500 (12.47)

 

 Current smoker

492 (25.00)

458 (29.08)

1579 (30.79)

1176 (29.33)

 

Drinking status

    

< 0.001

 Nondrinker

1195 (60.72)

920 (58.41)

2956 (57.63)

2348 (58.57)

 

 Former drinker

85 (4.32)

82 (5.21)

379 (7.39)

463 (11.55)

 

 Current drinker

688 (34.96)

573 (36.38)

1794 (34.98)

1198 (29.88)

 

Overweight

974 (49.49)

762 (48.38)

2119 (41.31)

1374 (34.27)

< 0.001

Hypertension

275 (13.97)

287 (18.22)

1138 (22.19)

1223 (30.51)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia

127 (6.45)

138 (8.76)

459 (8.95)

385 (9.60)

0.001

Diabetes

60 (3.05)

81 (5.14)

290 (5.65)

238 (5.94)

< 0.001

Stroke

21 (1.07)

26 (1.65)

75 (1.46)

124 (3.09)

< 0.001

Depression

404 (20.53)

384 (24.38)

1411 (27.51)

1319 (32.90)

< 0.001

Cognitive function a

13.15 (2.92)

12.67 (3.11)

11.85 (3.27)

10.73 (3.46)

< 0.001

  1. a The mean (standard deviation) was used to present the continuous variables
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