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Table 3 Oaxaca-type decomposition of changes in ADL and IADL inequalities between 2008 and 2018

From: Changes of inequality in functional disability of older populations in China from 2008 to 2018: a decomposition analysis

Predictor

ADL

IADL

Distributional change (Δc*ηkt)

Elasticity change (Δη*ckt-1)

Contribution to change(%)

Distributional change (Δc*ηkt)

Elasticity change (Δη*ckt-1)

Contribution to change(%)

Sex (Ref. = Male)

 Female

−0.0001

− 0.0001

2.23

− 0.0002

−0.0001

2.41

Age (Ref. = ≤80 years)

 >80

0.0004

−0.0001

−5.48

0.0011

0.0001

−9.72

Marital status (Ref. = Others)

 Living with spouse

−0.0001

−0.0004

9.06

−0.0001

− 0.0004

5.04

Self-rated economic status (Ref. = Very poor)

 Poor

0.0003

−0.0023

36.25

0.0002

− 0.0034

27.84

 Fair

0.0114

−0.0015

−176.43

0.0079

0.0003

−70.84

 Rich

0.0019

−0.0126

191.07

0.0016

−0.0044

24.56

 Very rich

0.0001

−0.0019

32.76

0.0001

−0.0007

5.74

Years of schooling (ref. = 0)

 1–5

0.0002

0.0001

−2.91

0.0003

0.0001

−2.83

  ≥ 6

0.0001

0.0001

−1.45

0.0003

−0.0003

−0.33

Occupation (Ref. = Others)

 Agriculture

0.0001

−0.0006

10.02

0.0001

−0.0016

14.16

Regular exercise (Ref. = Yes)

 No

−0.0007

−0.0032

68.74

−0.0019

− 0.0041

52.29

Chronic disease (Ref. = No)

 Yes

0.0003

0.0004

−13.57

0.0003

0.0004

−7.57

Residency (Ref. = Urban)

 Rural

0.0001

0.0044

−81.53

0.0001

0.0057

−50.90

Community support services (Ref. = 0)

  ≥ 1

0.0001

−0.0001

1.19

0.0001

0.0001

−0.28

Social security program enrolment (Ref. = 0)

 1

0.0004

0.0002

−10.90

0.0004

0.0002

−5.14

  ≥ 2

0.0011

−0.0017

11.04

0.0015

−0.0019

3.32

Living arrangements (Ref. = With family members)

 Alone

0.0008

−0.0016

15.29

0.0003

−0.0005

1.89

 In an institution

0.0012

0.0002

−26.08

0.0017

0.0007

−20.47

Household members (Ref. = 0)

 1–2

0.0004

0.0004

−14.63

0.0006

0.0005

−9.10

  ≥ 3

−0.0016

0.0013

5.07

−0.0022

0.0015

6.13

Access to medical care (Ref. = Yes)

 No

0.0025

−0.0024

−2.23

0.0017

−0.0013

−3.69

Out-of-pocket payment ratio (%) for medical bills

0.0000

0.0001

−0.25

0.0001

0.0001

−0.01

Per capita income

0.0001

0.0001

0.01

0.0001

0.0001

0.01

Skilled health workers per 1000 people

0.0001

0.0001

−3.53

0.0001

0.0006

−6.02

Hospital beds per 1000 people

0.0004

−0.0003

−2.82

0.0003

−0.0003

0.05