Table 2 Standardized 30-day claims of all PPI, benzodiazepine, or antipsychotic drugs from 2013 to 2019 for beneficiaries over 65 yearsa,b
PPI Class | 2013 (n = 1,525,617,121) | 2014 (n = 1,623,590,539) | 2015 (n = 1,705,969,287) | 2016 (n = 1,807,356,444) | 2017 (n = 1,900,796,290) | 2018 (n = 2,002,880,967) | 2019 (n = 2,107,865,407) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dexlansoprazole | 1,380,477 (904.9) | 1,505,394 (927.2) | 1,625,004 (952.5) | 1,703,889 (942.8) | 1,695,956 (892.2) | 1,610,572 (804.1) | 1,610,456 (764.0) |
Esomeprazole | 8,399,067 (5505.4) | 7,893,796 (4861.9) | 6,715,893 (3936.7) | 6,098,071 (3374.0) | 5,556,476 (2923.2) | 5,242,718 (2617.6) | 5,350,628 (2538.4) |
Lansoprazole | 2,544,238 (1667.7) | 2,574,546 (1585.7) | 2,599,759 (1523.9) | 2,094,272 (1158.7) | 1,828,125 (961.8) | 1,706,397 (852.0) | 1,758,957 (834.5) |
Omeprazole | 39,094,935 (25,625.7) | 41,844,057 (25,772.5) | 43,825,968 (25,689.8) | 44,688,976 (24,726.2) | 44,796,720 (23,567.3) | 44,997,662 (22,466.5) | 46,085,910 (21,863.8) |
Pantoprazole | 11,652,900 (7638.2) | 14,646,066 (9020.8) | 17,225,462 (10,097.2) | 19,669,593 (10,883.1) | 22,436,785 (11,803.9) | 25,311,162 (12,637.4) | 28,386,189 (13,466.8) |
Rabeprazole | 400,978 (262.8) | 418,531 (257.8) | 425,075 (249.2) | 429,043 (237.4) | 404,367 (212.7) | 394,507 (197.0) | 407,139 (193.2) |
Totalc | 63,472,595 (41,604.5) | 68,882,390 (42,426.0) | 72,417,161 (42,449.3) | 74,683,844 (41,322.1) | 76,718,429 (40,361.2) | 79,263,017 (39,574.5) | 83,599,279 (39,660.6) |
Benzodiazepines | |||||||
 Alprazolam | 9,054,121 (5934.7) | 9,984,091 (6149.4) | 10,647,341 (6241.2) | 10,922,480 (6043.3) | 10,791,550 (5677.4) | 10,562,729 (5273.8) | 10,065,051 (4775.0) |
 Chlordiazepoxide | 133,488 (87.5) | 137,074 (84.4) | 125,893 (73.8) | 138,132 (76.4) | 143,115 (75.3) | 129,533 (64.7) | 123,152 (58.4) |
 Clonazepam | 4,931,284 (3232.3) | 5,554,184 (3420.9) | 5,845,004 (3426.2) | 6,117,389 (3384.7) | 6,214,469 (3269.4) | 6,236,771 (3113.9) | 6,122,109 (2904.4) |
 Clorazepate | 300,691 (197.1) | 329,567 (203) | 322,971 (189.3) | 301,343 (166.7) | 272,138 (143.2) | 242,187 (120.9) | 200,841 (95.3) |
 Diazepam | 2,245,451 (1471.8) | 2,443,486 (1505.0) | 2,462,614 (1443.5) | 2,505,014 (1386.0) | 2,457,803 (1293.0) | 2,351,823 (1174.2) | 2,237,533 (1061.5) |
 Estazolam | 45,475 (29.8) | 47,633 (29.3) | 46,411 (27.2) | 46,938 (26) | 46,512 (24.5) | 45,366 (22.7) | 49,049 (23.3) |
 Eszopiclone | 580,254 (380.3) | 526,896 (324.5) | 419,267 (245.8) | 408,970 (226.3) | 447,786 (235.6) | 463,569 (231.5) | 466,642 (221.4) |
 Flurazepam | 50,117 (32.9) | 41,737 (25.7) | 36,383 (21.3) | 28,040 (15.5) | 22,756 (12) | 23,313 (11.6) | 9776 (4.6) |
 Lorazepam | 7,761,603 (5087.5) | 8,265,974 (5091.2) | 8,551,799 (5012.9) | 8,687,678 (4806.8) | 8,362,089 (4399.3) | 7,919,633 (3954.1) | 7,433,428 (3536.5) |
 Oxazepam | 117,709 (77.2) | 114,033 (70.2) | 103,174 (60.5) | 91,252 (50.5) | 79,027 (41.6) | 71,611 (35.8) | 62,830 (29.8) |
 Temazepam | 2,791,499 (1829.8) | 3,155,738 (1943.7) | 3,162,469 (1853.8) | 2,985,863 (1652.1) | 2,828,484 (1488.1) | 2,782,561 (1389.3) | 2,460,749 (1167.4) |
 Triazolam | 167,771 (110) | 154,825 (95.4) | 142,649 (83.6) | 120,877 (66.9) | 112,632 (59.3) | 107,776 (53.8) | 103,389 (49.0) |
 Zolpidem | 9,604,632 (6295.6) | 8,214,618 (5059.5) | 6,626,870 (3884.5) | 5,952,027 (3293.2) | 6,319,613 (3324.7) | 6,658,375 (3324.4) | 6,550,034 (3107.4) |
Totalc | 37,784,095 (24,766.4) | 38,969,856 (24,002.3) | 38,492,846 (22,563.6) | 38,306,005 (21,194.5) | 38,097,973 (20,043.2) | 37,595,246 (18,770.6) | 35,884,583 (17,024.1) |
Antipsychotics | |||||||
 Amoxapine | 14,580 (9.6) | 14,304 (8.8) | 13,658 (8.0) | 13,022 (7.2) | 10,523 (5.5) | 3548 (1.8) | 4527 (2.1) |
 Aripiprazole | 1,039,944 (681.7) | 1,097,009 (675.7) | 1,061,993 (622.5) | 1,107,915 (613.0) | 1,261,167 (663.5) | 1,453,819 (725.9) | 1,680,325 (797.2) |
 Asenapine | 22,847 (15.0) | 24,668 (15.2) | 25,991 (15.2) | 27,770 (15.4) | 28,319 (14.9) | 28,525 (14.2) | 28,477 (13.5) |
 Chlorpromazine | 96,755 (63.4) | 95,848 (59.0) | 91,879 (53.9) | 87,516 (48.4) | 84,630 (44.5) | 84,354 (42.1) | 87,195 (41.4) |
 Clozapine | 165,723 (108.6) | 177,990 (109.6) | 187,585 (110.0) | 198,042 (109.6) | 205,617 (108.2) | 221,301 (110.5) | 229,311 (108.8) |
 Haloperidol | 512,097 (335.7) | 503,232 (310.0) | 484,145 (283.8) | 471,944 (261.1) | 454,201 (239.0) | 418,037 (208.7) | 254,519 (120.7) |
 Iloperidone | 11,416 (7.5) | 13,468 (8.3) | 12,824 (7.5) | 11,546 (6.4) | 11,145 (5.9) | 11,922 (6.0) | 12,142 (5.8) |
 Loxapine | 30,034 (19.7) | 31,148 (19.2) | 31,149 (18.3) | 34,058 (17.7) | 32,667 (17.2) | 33,333 (16.6) | 32,799 (15.6) |
 Olanzapine | 1,510,182 (989.9) | 1,566,810 (965.0) | 1,632,941 (957.2) | 1,730,381 (957.4) | 1,822,656 (958.9) | 1,924,529 (960.9) | 2,030,909 (963.5) |
 Paliperidone | 45,177 (29.6) | 50,295 (31.0) | 53,023 (31.1) | 58,124 (32.2) | 63,752 (33.5) | 71,569 (35.7) | 79,408 (37.7) |
 Quetiapine | 4,303,901 (2821.1) | 4,605,672 (2836.7) | 4,879,421 (2860.2) | 5,213,015 (2884.3) | 5,569,245 (2930.0) | 5,978,830 (2985.1) | 6,409,240 (3040.6) |
 Risperidone | 2,617,402 (1715.6) | 2,562,152 (1578.1) | 2,497,330 (1463.9) | 2,488,164 (1376.7) | 2,461,674 (1295.1) | 2,468,146 (1232.3) | 2,511,367 (1191.4) |
Totalc | 10,370,056 (6797.3) | 10,742,595 (6616.6) | 10,971,938 (6431.5) | 11,439,496 (6329.4) | 12,005,595 (6316.1) | 12,697,912 (6339.8) | 13,360,219 (6338.3) |