Characteristics | Frailty Phenotype | p | Frailty Index | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robust | Pre-frail | Frail | Robust | Pre-frail | Frail | ||||
Total participants | 2059 (53.79) | 1892 (41.83) | 205 (4.38) | 4570 (33.23) | 8727 (56.02) | 1776 (10.74) | |||
Age (years), weighted mean (SE) | 59.37 (0.25) | 63.90 (0.32) | 68.93 (0.89) | p1: < 0.001 p2: < 0.001 | 58.31 (0.13) | 64.07 (0.14) | 71.39 (0.28) | p1: < 0.001 p2: < 0.001 | |
Sex | Males | 939 (49.57) | 829 (45.12) | 78 (32.43) | < 0.001 | 2124 (49.34) | 3727 (44.35) | 554 (32.05) | < 0.001 |
Females | 1120 (50.43) | 1063 (54.88) | 127 (67.57) | 2446 (50.66) | 5000 (55.65) | 1222 (67.95) | |||
Diet quality | Not poor | 743 (56.07) | 598 (50.36) | 64 (48.01) | 0.014 | 2138 (58.24) | 3906 (55.04) | 807 (54.38) | 0.007 |
Poora | 1316 (43.93) | 1294 (49.64) | 141 (51.99) | 2432 (41.76) | 4821 (44.96) | 969 (45.62) | |||
Living in rural areas | No | 1093 (53.35) | 915 (47.57) | 97 (48.42) | 0.033 | 2209 (48.60) | 3972 (45.02) | 755 (41.85) | 0.001 |
Yesb | 966 (46.65) | 977 (52.43) | 108 (51.58) | 2361 (51.40) | 4755 (54.98) | 1021 (58.15) | |||
Low household income | No | 1216 (62.01) | 771 (44.25) | 41 (22.99) | < 0.001 | 2797 (63.36) | 3403 (42.41) | 324 (20.13) | < 0.001 |
Yesc | 837 (37.99) | 1116 (55.75) | 163 (77.01) | 1760 (36.64) | 5280 (57.59) | 1446 (79.87) | |||
Education (years) | ≥ 9 years | 1629 (80.13) | 1092 (60.96) | 86 (47.99) | < 0.001 | 3581 (80.22) | 4749 (56.91) | 472 (28.88) | < 0.001 |
< 9 years | 430 (19.87) | 796 (39.04) | 119 (52.01) | 971 (19.78) | 3914 (43.09) | 1268 (71.12) | |||
Living alone | No | 1728 (85.15) | 1419 (77.79) | 125 (61.73) | < 0.001 | 3910 (86.38) | 6446 (75.39) | 926 (51.84) | < 0.001 |
Yesd | 330 (14.85) | 472 (22.21) | 80 (38.27) | 656 (13.62) | 2275 (24.61) | 849 (48.16) | |||
Type of national health insurance | Self/workplace | 2030 (98.41) | 1789 (94.81) | 178 (85.86) | < 0.001 | 4496 (98.42) | 8200 (94.08) | 1423 (80.94) | < 0.001 |
Otherse | 29 (1.59) | 103 (5.19) | 27 (14.14) | 74 (1.58) | 527 (5.92) | 353 (19.06) | |||
Smoking history | Never | 1308 (60.81) | 1166 (61.10) | 139 (70.59) | 0.118 | 2809 (59.99) | 5331 (59.97) | 1152 (66.38) | < 0.001 |
Past/currentf | 750 (39.19) | 723 (38.90) | 65 (29.41) | 1736 (40.01) | 3289 (40.03) | 558 (33.62) | |||
Frequent alcohol drinking | No | 648 (30.58) | 743 (37.03) | 103 (52.76) | < 0.001 | 1331 (28.41) | 3502 (38.36) | 1077 (62.10) | < 0.001 |
Yesg | 1411 (69.42) | 1147 (62.97) | 102 (47.24) | 3217 (71.59) | 5129 (61.64) | 641 (37.90) | |||
Number of comorbiditiesh | < 2 | 1305 (65.96) | 942 (54.30) | 68 (31.69) | < 0.001 | 3966 (87.57) | 3518 (41.83) | 408 (26.17) | < 0.001 |
≥ 2 | 754 (34.04) | 950 (45.70) | 137 (68.31) | 604 (12.43) | 5209 (57.17) | 1368 (73.83) |