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Table 2 The first-level and second-level indicators of the FRSAS

From: Reliability and validity of the fall risk self-assessment scale for community-dwelling older people in China: a pilot study

First-level indicator

Code

Second-level indicator

Demographic (D)

D1

Age ≥ 80 years

Physical functions (P)

P1

Getting in and out of bed safely and effortlessly

 

P2

Rising from the chair and sitting down safely and effortlessly

 

P3

Toileting safely and effortlessly

 

P4

Bathing safely and effortlessly

 

P5

Reaching/Carrying the commonly used items effortlessly without inducing a fall

 

P6

Stopping to pick up little items, such as pieces of paper, coin, etc.

 

P7

Translating the food from kitchen to table safely and effortlessly

 

P8

Comfortable and non-slip shoes

 

P9

Donning and doffing pants, skirts, shoes, and socks effortlessly

 

P10

Going up and down stairs smoothly (assistive device can be used, such as rails)

 

P11

Stepping over obstacles smoothly

 

P12

Walking with mobility aid, such as cane.

General conditions (G)

G1

Good quality of sleep

 

G2

Being fatigue easily during daily activities

 

G3

Going to be bathroom habitually at night

 

G4

Exercising more than half an hour daily

 

G5

Fear of falling

Contexts (C)

C1

Flat ground at home

 

C2

Debris clustered on the ground

 

C3

Moveable mat or carpet unsteadily

 

C4

Water residual on the ground frequently

 

C5

Switching on and off the light conveniently in the bed

 

C6

Well-lit corridor, house, and community

 

C7

Immobilized non-slip mat in the bathroom

 

C8

Handrails installed in the bathroom

 

C9

Residing in a bungalow or walk-up building

 

C10

Living alone

 

C11

Understanding fall prevention heretofore

Health-related issues and medication (H)

H1

Dizziness and vertigo

 

H2

Arthrodynia of lower extremity

 

H3

ROM (Range of motion) limitation or deformity of lower extremity

 

H4

Vision problems

 

H5

Toileting frequently for bowel and bladder dysfunction

 

H6

Numbness and pain in lower extremities for cervical and/or lumbar disease

 

H7

History of brain injury and cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

 

H8

Taking antiepileptic drug (AED)

 

H9

Taking antipsychotic

 

H10

Fall histories

 

H11

Excessive drinking daily (the average of alcohol consumption more than 25 g per day for male, which equals to 750 ml beer, 250 ml wine, 75 g liqueur with 38°and 50 g highly liqueur, while the threshold is 15 g for female)

 

H12

Chronic disease (Tick where relevant):

Alzheimer’s Disease

Parkinsonian Syndrome

Coronary Heart Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Osteoporosis

Diabetes Mellitus