Table 2 Multi-level mixed linear modeling of older adults’ cognitive function with individual and city indicators by TLSA 1999–2015
Variables | B (SE) | 95% C.I | |
|---|---|---|---|
Fixed effects | Â | ||
Individual-level | Â | ||
Intercept | 9.799 (0.573)*** | 8.677 | 10.9216 |
Sex (male) | 0.144 (0.104) | -0.059 | 0.347 |
Work (yes) | 0.294 (0.097)** | 0.103 | 0.485 |
Ethnicity (Hakka) | 0.115 (0.119) | -0.118 | 0.348 |
Ethnicity (mainlander) | 0.091 (0.168) | -0.238 | 0.420 |
Ethnicity (others) | -1.361 (0.332)*** | -2.013 | -0.709 |
Age (ordinal) | -0.205 90.032)*** | -0.267 | -0.143 |
Education (ordinal) | 0.631 (0.045)*** | 0.543 | 0.720 |
Self-rated health | 0.174 (0.044)*** | 0.087 | 0.260 |
IADL disability | -0.231 (0.052)*** | -0.333 | -0.128 |
Contact outside households | 0.016 (0.039) | -0.060 | 0.093 |
Stress | -0.039 (0.022) | -0.081 | 0.004 |
Receiving emotional support | 0.100 (0.020)*** | 0.062 | 0.139 |
Economic satisfaction | 0.176 (0.049)*** | 0.080 | 0.272 |
Religiousness | 0.031 (0.011)** | 0.010 | 0.052 |
Time | 0.002 (0.061) | -0.118 | 0.121 |
Sex (male)*time | -0.010 (0.008) | -0.026 | 0.006 |
Work (yes) *time | -0.012 (0.009) | -0.031 | 0.006 |
Ethnicity (Hakka) *time | -0.024 (0.009)* | -0.042 | -0.006 |
Ethnicity (mainlander) *time | 0.018 (0.014) | -0.009 | 0.045 |
Ethnicity (others) *time | 0.001 (0.027)* | -0.053 | 0.054 |
Age (ordinal) *time | -0.025 (0.003)*** | -0.030 | -0.020 |
Education (ordinal) *time | 0.011 (0.004)** | 0.005 | 0.0184 |
Self-rated health | -0.006 (0.004) | -0.015 | 0.002 |
IADL disability number*time | -0.005 (0.004) | -0.013 | 0.002 |
Contact outside households*time | 0.015 (0.004)*** | 0.007 | 0.022 |
Stress*time | 0.004 (0.002) | -0.001 | 0.008 |
Receiving emotional support*time | -0.003 (0.001) | -0.006 | 0.001 |
Economic satisfaction*time | -0.009 (0.005) | -0.019 | 1.506E-5 |
Religiousness*time | 0.0004 (0.001) | -0.002 | 0.002 |
City-level indicators | Â | ||
Population density | 0.009 (0.003)** | 0.003 | 0.015 |
Median income | -0.009 (0.006) | -0.021 | 0.002 |
Unemployment | -0.056 (0.041) | -0.137 | 0.026 |
Population density*time | -0.0004 (0.0002) | -0.001 | 2.244E-5 |
Median income*time | 0.001 (0.005) | 1.167E-6 | 0.002 |
Unemployment*time | 0.007 (0.009) | -0.011 | 0.024 |
Random effect | Â | ||
Repeated | 3.261 (0.056) | Â | Â |
Intercept (city) | 1.717 (0.078) | Â | Â |
Model fit | |||
-2 log likelihood | 42,501.360 | Â | Â |
AIC | 42,595.360 | Â | Â |
BIC | 42,609.737 | Â | Â |