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Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratios of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia according to quartiles of vegetable and fruit intakea

From: Long-term association of vegetable and fruit intake with risk of dementia in Japanese older adults: the Hisayama study

Food intake levels

(g/1000 kcal)

Alzheimer’s disease

Vascular dementia

Number of events/ PYs

Age- and sex-adjusted incidence

(per 103 PYs)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Number of events/ PYs

Age- and sex-adjusted incidence

(per 103 PYs)

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Age- and sex-adjusted

Multivariable-adjustedb,c

Age- and sex-adjusted

Multivariable-adjusted b, c

Vegetable

 Q1 (M: ≤111; W: ≤135)

75/3576

20.9

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

35/3576

10.3

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Q2 (M: 112-151; W: 136-189)

72/3841

18.0

0.77 (0.55, 1.06)

0.75 (0.54, 1.05)

40/3841

10.9

1.01 (0.64, 1.59)

1.16 (0.73, 1.84)

 Q3 (M: 152-205; W: 190-250)

64/3754

16.2

0.72 (0.52, 1.01)

0.73 (0.52, 1.03)

37/3754

10.1

0.94 (0.59, 1.49)

1.16 (0.72, 1.86)

 Q4 (M: ≥206; W: ≥251)

75/3981

18.0

0.71 (0.52, 0.98)

0.69 (0.49, 0.98)

32/3981

8.3

0.75 (0.46, 1.21)

0.73 (0.44, 1.21)

P-trend

  

0.045

0.049

  

0.21

0.24

Fruit

 Q1 (M: ≤13; W: ≤22)

69/3579

19.0

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

44/3579

13.0

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Q2 (M: 14-30; W: 23-46)

59/3801

14.8

0.71 (0.50, 1.01)

0.73 (0.51, 1.04)

38/3801

10.6

0.77 (0.50, 1.19)

0.79 (0.51, 1.24)

 Q3 (M: 31-56; W: 47-71)

76/3885

18.7

0.90 (0.65, 1.24)

0.88 (0.63, 1.23)

29/3885

7.6

0.53 (0.33, 0.85)

0.63 (0.39, 1.02)

 Q4 (M: ≥57; W: ≥72)

82/3887

20.3

1.00 (0.73, 1.38)

1.03 (0.74, 1.44)

33/3887

8.7

0.62 (0.39, 0.97)

0.68 (0.43, 1.09)

P-trend

  

0.59

0.56

  

0.01

0.07

  1. a M men, W women, PYs person-years, Q quartile
  2. b Adjusted for age, sex, educational level, history of stroke, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive agent, electrocardiogram abnormalities, total cholesterol, body mass index, current drinking, current smoking, regular exercise, and intakes of total energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate
  3. c n = 1060