Table 4 The relationship between frailty and overall survival
Study | Design | Patient (n =) | Country | Frailty screening tool | Frailty Prevalence | Timing of assessment | Age (Median/ Mean; years) | % Male/Female | TNM Stage | Survival Outcome Measured | Mean/Median Follow-up (Years) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Artiles-Armas et al. (2021) [34] | Prospective | 149 | Spain | Clinical Frailty Scale | 42 (CSHA CFS ≥ 4) | Pre-operative | 75 | 64/36 | I-IV | Overall survival | 5 | Frailty not associated with reduced survival on UV binary log regression (P = 0.249) |
Feliciano et al. (2020) [22] | Prospective | 691 | USA | Frailty phenotype | 18 (Fried ≥ 3/5 criteria) | Pre-operative | 63 | Female only | NR | Overall survival | 5.8 | Frailty associated with OS on MV binary log regression (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.39–2.69, P < 0.001) |
Mima et al. (2020) [35] | Retrospective | 729 | Japan | Clinical Frailty Scale | 35 (CSHA CFS ≥ 4) | Pre-operative | NR (46% ≥ 75 years) | 53/47 | I-III | Overall survival | 3.5 | Frailty associated with OS on MV binary log regression (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.40–2.99, P < 0.001) |