Table 2 Studies reporting the relationship between frailty and post-operative complications in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer
Study | Design | Patient (n =) | Country | Frailty screening tool | Prevalence of frailty (%) | Timing of assessment | Age (Median/ Mean; years) | % Male/Female | TNM Stage | Clavien-dindo classification of complication | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bessems et al. (2021,) [33] | Retrospective | 132 | Netherlands | Geriatric 8 questionnaire | 40 (G8 ≤ 14) | Pre-operative | 78 | 58/42 | I-IV | 1 or above | Frailty associated with complication incidence on UV analysis (P = 0.038) |
Chen et al. (2018,) [21] | Retrospective | 1928 | USA | Modified Frailty Index (MFI-5) | 12 (MFI ≥ 2) | Pre-operative | 59 | 55/45 | IV | 3 or above | Frailty associated with complication incidence on MV binary log regression (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.47–3.04, P < 0.001) |
Gearhart et al. (2020,) [25] | Retrospective | 1676 | USA | Modified Frailty Index (MFI-5) | 25 (MFI ≥ 2) | Pre-operative | 75 | 50/50 | NR | 2 or above | Frailty not associated with complication incidence on MV binary log regression (P = 0.19) |
Lo et al. (2020,) [23] | Retrospective | 81, 803 | USA | Modified Frailty Index (MFI-5) | 20 (MFI ≥ 2) | Pre-operative | NR (59% ≥ 65) | 50/50 | I-IV | 3 or above | Frailty associated with complication incidence on MV binary log regression (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.07–2.25, P = 0.018) |
Miller at sl (2020,) [26] | Retrospective | 9,252 | USA | Modified Frailty Index (MFI-5) | 15 (MFI ≥ 2) | Pre-operative | NR (25% ≥ 65) | 58/42 | I-IV | 2 or above | Frailty associated with complication incidence on MV binary log regression (OR 6.7, 95% CI 4.5–10.0, P < 0.001) |
Okabe et al. (2019,) [27] | Prospective | 269 | Japan | Clinical Frailty Scale | 29 (CSHA CFS ≥ 4) | Pre-operative | 80 | 62/38 | III-IV | 3 or above | Frailty associated with complication incidence on MV binary log regression OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.62–7.29. P = 0.001) |
Reisinger et al. (2015,) [28] | Retrospective | 310 | Netherlands | Groningen Frailty Indicator | 25 (GFI ≥ 5) | Pre-operative | NR (51% ≥ 70) | 50/50 | II-IV | 3 or above | Frailty not associated with complication incidence on UV binary log regression (P = 0.19) |
Richards et al. (2021,) [29] | Prospective | 86 | New Zealand | Edmonton Frailty Scale | 14 (EFS ≥ 8) | Pre-operative | 76 | 50/50 | I-IV | 3 or above | Frailty not associated with complication incidence on MV binary log regression P = 0.62) |
Souwer et al. (2018,) [30] | Retrospective | 139 | Netherlands | Geriatric 8 questionnaire | 50 (G8 ≤ 14) | Pre-operative | 77.8 | 55/45 | I-III | 1 or above | Frailty not associated with complication incidence on UV analysis (P = 0.7) |
Suzuki et al. (2021,) [31] | Retrospective | 151 | Japan | Modified Frailty Index (MFI-11) | 35 (MFI ≥ 3) | Pre-operative | 84 | 44/56 | NR | 2 or above | Frailty associated with complication incidence on UV analysis (P = 0.02) |
Tamura et al. (2021,) [24] | Prospective | 500 | Japan | Geriatric 8 questionnaire | 56 (G8 ≤ 14) | Pre-operative | 76 | 58/42 | I-IV | 1 or above | Frailty not associated with complication incidence on UV binary log regression (P = 0.355) |
Tan et al. (2012,) [32] | Prospective | 83 | Japan | Fried Frailty Phenotype | 28 (Fried ≥ 3/5 criteria) | Pre-operative | 81.2 | NR | NR | 2 or above | Frailty associated with complication incidence on MV binary log regression (OR 4.08, 95% CI, 1.43–11.6, P = 0.006) |