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Table 2 Differences between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic participants with diabetes

From: Diabetes, sarcopenia and chronic kidney disease; the Screening for CKD among Older People across Europe (SCOPE) study

 

Participants with diabetes (n = 315)

Non sarcopenic (n = 274)

Sarcopenic (n = 41)

p-value

Age, years

80.0 (6.0)

79.0 (6.0)

83.0 (7.0)

 < 0.001

Women, n (%)

146 (46.3)

128 (46.7)

18 (43.9)

0.736

Living alone, n (%)

73 (23.2)

63 (23.0)

10 (24.4)

0.843

Education, years

10.0 (5.0)

10.0 (5.0)

8.0 (6.5)

0.013

Comorbidities

 Hypertension, n (%)

276 (87.6)

245 (89.4)

31 (75.6)

0.012

 Stroke, n (%)

26 (8.3)

22 (8.0)

4 (9.8)

0.708

 Hip fracture, n (%)

14 (4.4)

11 (4.0)

3 (7.3)

0.339

 Osteoporosis, n (%)

74 (23.5)

61 (22.3)

13 (31.7)

0.183

 Parkinson, n (%)

12 (3.8)

9 (3.3)

3 (7.3)

0.208

At least 1 BADL dependent (intensive assistance or dependent), n (%)

20 (6.3)

16 (5.8)

4 (9.8)

0.337

IADL score

4.0 (12.0)

4.0 (11.0)

9.0 (16.0)

 < 0.001

At least 1 IADL dependent (intensive assistance or dependent), n (%)

160 (50.8)

131 (47.8)

29 (70.7)

0.006

MMSE adjusted score

28.0 (2.7)

28.0 (2.4)

27.0 (5.2)

0.117

MMSE adjusted < 24, n (%)

33 (10.5)

23 (8.4)

10 (24.4)

0.002

GDS score

2.0 (2.3)

2.0 (3.0)

2.0 (3.0)

0.471

GDS > 5, n (%)

36 (11.5)

32 (11.7)

4 (9.8)

0.713

CIRS-G total score

10.0 (7.0)

10.0 (7.0)

10.0 (7.0)

0.721

CIRS-G severity index

1.6 (0.6)

1.6 (0.5)

1.6 (0.5)

0.793

Number of current medications

9.0 (4.0)

8.0 (4.3)

9.0 (4.0)

0.532

Creatinine, mg/dl

1.1 (0.6)

1.1 (0.7)

1.1 (0.8)

0.832

BIS eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

48.3 (22.2)

48.6 (22.0)

46.2 (29.0)

0.877

  ≥ 90

2 (0.6)

2 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

0.845

 60–89

74 (23.5)

62 (22.6)

12 (29.3)

 45–59

106 (33.7)

94 (34.3)

12 (29.3)

 30–44

99 (31.4)

87 (31.8)

12 (29.3)

  < 30

34 (10.8)

29 (10.6)

5 (12.2)

  ≥ 60

76 (24.1)

64 (23.4)

12 (29.3)

0.409

  < 60

239 (75.9)

210 (76.6)

29 (70.7)

ACR, mg/g

21.0 (80.0)

19.4 (79.0)

35.9 (213.0)

0.091

  < 30

180 (57.1)

162 (59.1)

18 (43.9)

0.132

 30–300

91 (28.9)

77 (28.1)

14 (34.1)

  > 300

44 (14.0)

35 (12.8)

9 (22.0)

Albumin, g/dl

4.0 (1.0)

4.0 (1.2)

4.0 (0.6)

0.879

Fasting plasma Glucose, mg/dl

106.0 (133.0)

106.0 (132.0)

105.0 (140.0)

0.809

Hemoglobin A1c %

6.5 (1.6)

6.5 (1.6)

6.4 (1.2)

0.773

Cholesterol, mg/dl

155.0 (193.0)

158.0 (194.0)

135.0 (178.0)

0.542

Triglycerides, mg/dl

94.0 (141.0)

96.0 (142.0)

79.5 (113.0)

0.350

Vitamin D, ng/mL

26.1 (27.0)

25.7 (26.0)

32.5 (34.0)

0.519

DM therapy

 Insulin, n (%)

96 (30.6)

84 (30.7)

12 (30.0)

0.933

 Metformin, n (%)

172 (54.8)

150 (54.7)

22 (55.0)

0.976

 Sulfonylureas, n (%)

67 (21.3)

60 (21.9)

7 (17.5)

0.526

 DPP4-I, n (%)

14 (4.5)

10 (3.6)

4 (10.0)

0.069

 SGLT2, n (%)

2 (0.6)

2 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

0.588

 GLP-1 RAs, n (%)

4 (1.3)

4 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

0.442

Anthropometric measurements

 Height, cm

164.5 (23.0)

165.1 (15.0)

158.5 (11.0)

 < 0.001

 Weight, kg

77.5 (19.0)

79.9 (17.0)

60.7 (12.0)

 < 0.001

 BMI, kg/m2

28.6 (4.0)

29.1 (5.1)

26.3 (4.6)

 < 0.001

BIA parameters

 FFM, percentage

68.0 (12.8)

68.0 (13.8)

69.0 (18.0)

0.071

 FFM, kg

51.9 (16.0)

53.6 (17.2)

42.6 (19.0)

 < 0.001

 FFMI, kg/m2

19.3 (3.1)

19.6 (3.3)

18.1 (2.1)

 < 0.001

 FM, percentage

32.0 (12.8)

32.0 (13.8)

31.0 (8.1)

0.082

 FM, kg

24.3 (11.8)

26.0 (12.1)

20.0 (7.6)

 < 0.001

 FMI, kg/m2

9.3 (5.1)

9.5 (5.4)

8.1 (3.4)

0.002

 ASM, percentage

0.25 (0.05)

0.25 (0.05)

0.25 (0.05)

0.919

 ASM, kg

19.5 (6.6)

20.6 (6.3)

16.4 (4.9)

 < 0.001

 ASMI, kg/m2

7.3 (1.4)

7.4 (1.5)

6.4 (1.3)

 < 0.001

Grip strength, kg

24.0 (13.0)

24.0 (13.0)

24.0 (13.0)

0.655

SPPB score

9.0 (5.0)

9.0 (5.0)

8.0 (5.0)

0.025

SPPB Balance

4.0 (2.0)

4.0 (2.0)

3.0 (2.0)

0.101

SPPB Gait Speed

3.0 (2.0)

3.0 (2.0)

3.0 (2.0)

0.092

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as median and interquartile difference. Abbreviations; ACR albumin-to-creatinine ratio, ADL activities of daily living, ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass, ASMI appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, BIA bioelectrical impedance analysis, BIS Berlin Initiative Study, BMI body mass index, CIRS-G cumulative illness rating scale for geriatrics, CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiological Collaboration, DM diabetes mellitus, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FAS Full Age Spectrum, FFM fat-free mass, FFMI fat-free mass index, FM fat mass, FMI fat mass index, GDS geriatric depression scale, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, MMSE mini mental state examination, SSPB short physical performance battery, DPP4-I dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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