Characteristics | CHARLS | NHANES | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Vulnerable persons | Total | Vulnerable persons | |||||
CI-PF | FI | MCR | CI-PF | FI | MCR | |||
N | 3929 | 85 | 653 | 770 | 3850 | 104 | 1035 | 167 |
Age, mean ± SD | 67.4 ± 6.3 | 73.2 ± 7.8 | 68.7 ± 7.1 | 66.0 ± 5.4 | 65.6 ± 9.6 | 72.0 ± 7.3 | 69.6 ± 9.3 | 71.6 ± 9.4 |
Male, % | 2102 (53.5) | 28 (32.9) | 269 (41.2) | 319 (41.4) | 1927 (50.1) | 46 (44.2) | 468 (45.2) | 83 (49.7) |
Residence, rural, % | 2427 (61.8) | 65 (76.5) | 435 (66.6) | 533 (69.2) | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ |
Race/Ethnicity a, % | ||||||||
Non-Hispanic white | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 2130 (56.6) | 47 (46.1) | 545 (53.6) | 84 (51.5) |
Non-Hispanic black | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 673 (17.9) | 20 (19.6) | 194 (19.1) | 23 (14.1) |
Hispanic | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ | 957 (25.5) | 35 (34.3) | 278 (27.3) | 56 (34.4) |
Education b, % | ||||||||
Category 1 | 1296 (33.0) | 61 (71.8) | 269 (41.2) | 334 (43.4) | 1496 (39.0) | 71 (68.3) | 526 (51.0) | 90 (54.9) |
Category 2 | 1859 (47.3) | 24 (28.2) | 297 (45.5) | 352 (45.7) | 868 (22.6) | 17 (16.3) | 213 (20.7) | 23 (14.0) |
Category 3 | 511 (13.0) | 0 | 60 (9.2) | 71 (9.2) | 799 (20.8) | 8 (7.7) | 184 (17.8) | 28 (17.1) |
Category 4 | 195 (5.0) | 0 | 19 (2.9) | 11 (1.4) | 677 (17.6) | 8 (7.7) | 108 (10.5) | 23 (14.0) |
Category 5 | 68 (1.7) | 0 | 8 (1.2) | 2 (0.3) | ─ | ─ | ─ | ─ |
Disease counts c, % | ||||||||
0 | 1116 (28.4) | 23 (27.1) | 40 (6.0) | 173 (22.5) | 805 (20.9) | 1 (1.0) | 14 (1.4) | 12 (7.2) |
1 | 1252 (31.9) | 30 (35.3) | 107 (16.0) | 252 (32.7) | 1138 (29.6) | 17 (16.3) | 126 (12.2) | 20 (12.0) |
2 | 885 (22.5) | 17 (20.0) | 166 (24.8) | 178 (23.1) | 961 (25.0) | 19 (18.3) | 244 (23.6) | 47 (28.1) |
3 | 426 (10.8) | 12 (14.1) | 169 (25.3) | 100 (13.0) | 574 (14.9) | 28 (26.9) | 327 (31.6) | 37 (22.2) |
≥ 4 | 250 (6.4) | 3 (3.5) | 187 (28.0) | 67 (8.7) | 372 (9.7) | 39 (37.5) | 324 (31.3) | 51 (30.5) |
Cognitive impairment, % | 1348 (34.3) | / | 307 (47.0) | 397 (51.6) | 1055 (27.4) | / | 411 (39.7) | 70 (41.9) |
Physical frailty, % | 165 (4.2) | / | 78 (11.9) | 78 (10.1) | 338 (8.8) | / | 302 (29.2) | 73 (43.7) |
Gait speed, mean ± SD | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 |
Slow gait, % | 1979 (50.4) | 70 (82.4) | 396 (60.6) | / | 1252 (32.5) | 71 (68.3) | 449 (43.4) | / |
Cognitive complaints, % | 1428 (36.4) | 54 (63.5) | 381 (58.4) | / | 409 (10.6) | 28 (26.9) | 289 (27.9) | / |
The cognition score d, mean ± SD | 9.8 ± 4.3 | 3.9 ± 2.2 | 8.3 ± 4.3 | 8.0 ± 4.1 | 42.0 ± 14.7 | 23.2 ± 10.7 | 37.9 ± 14.3 | 35.5 ± 12.8 |