Fig. 1

The ROC curves for different prediction models. Note. AUC = area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve; Model 1 incorporated seven predictors, including gender, age, smoking, self-report health condition, BMI, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function. Besides, five physical performance-based models were established based on Model 1, adding handgrip strength (Model 2), SPPB (Model 3), gait speed (Model 4), handgrip strength plus SPPB (Model 5), and handgrip strength plus gait speed (Model 6), respectively. Model 1 to Model 6 are presented in purple, dark blue, red, yellow, orange, bright blue lines, respectively