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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the subsamples

From: Kinematic analysis of activities of daily living performance in frail elderly

Characteristics

Robust R

Pre-frail P

Frail F

Total

P-value

Effect Size

n = 8

n = 13

n = 6

n = 27

  

Female, n (%)

6 (75)

7 (54)

5 (83)

18 (67)

0.304

V 0.291

Age (years)

78.4 (6.5)

79.8 (5.6)

89.8 (4.2)

81.6 (7.0)

0.002*

n2p 0.413

Height (cm)

165.0 (6.6)

167.4 (9.1)

164.3 (12.3)

166.0 (9.0)

0.750

n2p 0.024

Weight (kg)

76.1 (23.6)

80.8 (15.9)

83.8 (16.3)

80.1 (18.0)

0.728

n2p 0.026

BMI (kg/m2)

27.9 (8.4)

28.6 (4.0)

31.3 (7.8)

29.0 (6.3)

0.586

n2p 0.044

MMSE

28.1 (1.9)

27.5 (2.0)

25.8 (1.9)

27.3 (2.1)

0.111

n2p 0.167

Grip strength (kg)

24.4 (7.2)

19.4 (8.3)

10.8 (7.2)

19.0 (9.0)

0.012*

n2p 0.308

TUG (sec)

11.9 (4.4)

20.7 (11.5)

30.3 (9.5)

18.9 (10.9)

0.023*

n2p 0.302

  1. Mean values, standard deviations, and p-values of sample comparison (an asterisk indicates a statistically significant group effect). Effect Sizes: η2p partial eta squared and Cramer’s V. BMI Body mass index, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, TUG timed up & go test