Table 1 Characteristics of study population
Patient characteristics (n = 300) | n (%) |
|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 70.4 ± 7.3 |
< 70 years | 152 (50.7%) |
70–79 years | 105 (35.0%) |
≥ 80 years | 43 (14.3%) |
Sex | |
Male | 144 (48.0%) |
Female | 156 (52.0%) |
Education | |
Elementary school or lower | 193 (64.8%) |
High school or above | 105 (35.2%) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |
Underweight (< 18.5) | 20 (6.8%) |
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 149 (50.3%) |
Overweight (25–29.9) | 98 (33.1%) |
Obese (≥30.0) | 29 (9.8%) |
Cognitive status | |
No cognitive impairment | 121 (40.5%) |
Cognitive impairment (MoCA< 22/30) | 178 (59.5%) |
Barthel ADL Index, median (q25,q75) | 95 (90,100) |
0–20 (suggests total dependence) | 2 (0.7%) |
21–60 (severe dependence) | 15 (5.0%) |
61–90 (moderate dependence) | 90 (30.0%) |
91–100 (slight dependence) | 193 (64.3%) |
ASA physical status | |
Class 1 | 19 (6.4%) |
Class 2 | 168 (56.2%) |
Class 3 | 105 (35.1%) |
Class 4 | 7 (2.3%) |
Underlying disease | |
Diabetes mellitus | 89 (29.7%) |
Hypertension | 191 (63.7%) |
Cerebrovascular | 26 (8.7%) |
Chronic kidney disease | 66 (22.0%) |
Coronary artery disease | 44 (14.7%) |
Cirrhosis | 6 (2.0%) |
Cancer | 70 (23.3%) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 6 (2.0%) |
COPD | 8 (2.7%) |
Surgical service | |
General surgery | 2 (0.7%) |
Hepatobiliary surgery | 3 (1.0%) |
Minimal invasive surgery | 11 (3.7%) |
Colorectal surgery | 7 (2.3%) |
Vascular surgery | 26 (8.7%) |
Urology surgery | 40 (13.4%) |
Orthopaedics surgery | 43 (14.4%) |
Endoscopic surgery | 102 (34.2%) |
Other | 64 (21.5%) |
Smoking | |
Non & Ex-smoker | 285 (95.0%) |
Current-smoker | 15 (5.0%) |
Alcohol | |
No | 275 (91.7%) |
Drink | 25 (8.3%) |
Thai Frailty Index | |
Robust | 180 (60.0%) |
Frail | 120 (40.0%) |
T-FRAIL | |
Fatigue | 44 (14.7%) |
Resistance | 109 (36.3%) |
Ambulation | 102 (34.0%) |
Illness | 21 (7.0%) |
Loss of weight | 93 (31.0%) |