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Table 6 Differences in impairment by pre-hospital pre-frail/frail compared to non-frail, presented as estimate (95% confidence intervals) and p-values for each outcome. Estimates that are statistically significant (p < 0.05) are bolded

From: Prospective telehealth analysis of functional performance, frailty, quality of life, and mental health after COVID-19 hospitalization

Outcome; estimate type

Baseline difference

Est [95% CI] P-value

Week 18 difference*

Est [95% CI] P-value

10-Time Chair Rise Test

 Unable to complete due to physical ability or safety concerns; OR

1.5 [0.3, 6.4]

P = 0.58

 

 Time to complete; seconds

−0.5 [−7.9, 7.0]

P = 0.90

 

 Change in time to complete from week 2/6; seconds

 

1.5 [−4.1, 7.1]

P = 0.59

Clinical Frailty Scale

 Post-hospitalization reported frailty; OR

1.2 [0.4, 4.2]

P = 0.81

 

 Did not return to pre-hospitalization frailty; OR

 

0.0 [0.0, 0.2]

P = 0.003

MRC Dyspnea Scale

 Too SOB to leave the house and/or SOB while dressing; OR

1.7 [0.5, 5.1]

P = 0.38

 

 No improvement from week 2–6 answer; OR

 

1.0 [0.3, 3.7]

P = 0.99

IES-6

 Met criteria for PTSD; OR

0.6 [0.2, 1.6]

P = 0.28

 

 Continued or new PTSD; OR

 

0.7 [0.1, 2.8]

P = 0.64

WHODAS 2.0

 Total score

−0.5 [−5.4, 4.4]

P = 0.84

 

 Difference from week 2–6; score

 

−2.2 [−7.8, 3.5]

P = 0.45

Supplemental O2

 Reported use; OR

1.6 [0.6, 4.5]

P = 0.56

 

 Continued or new use of supplemental O2; OR

 

5.6 [1.4, 23.7]

P = 0.02

Activity Level

 Did not return to pre-hospitalization exercise; OR

 

0.2 [0.0, 0.8]

P = 0.048

  1. * Week 12 data used if week 18 data was unavailable