Social support and subsequent cognitive frailty during a 1-year follow-up of older people: the mediating role of psychological distress

Table 1 Sample characteristics by cognitive frailty at baseline (%)

Variables	Non-cognitive frailty (n = 2598)	Cognitive frailty (n = 187)	Total	χ²/t	P-value
Sex				12.15	< 0.001
Male	37.3	24.6	36.45
Female	62.7	75.4	63.55
Age, mean (SD)	68.97 (6.02)	72.30 (7.16)	69.19 (6.16)	−7.21	< 0.001
Educational attainment				39.97	< 0.001
Illiteracy	40.34	62.03	41.8
Primary school	39.15	31.55	38.64
Junior school or above	20.52	6.42	19.57
Marital status				28.17	< 0.001
Divorced/widowed	23.79	41.18	24.96
Married	76.21	58.82	75.04
Economic status				17.72	< 0.001
Q1	24.13	34.76	24.85
Q2	24.06	26.74	24.24
Q3	25.98	24.06	25.85
Q4	25.83	14.44	25.06
Smoking status				0.60	0.44
Never/Past	78.91	81.28	79.07
Current	21.09	18.72	20.93
Alcohol drinking status				10.56	0.001
Never/Past	76.91	87.17	77.59
Current	23.09	12.83	22.41
Chronic conditions				7.90	0.017
No Chronic Condition	27.71	18.72	27.11
One Chronic Condition	36.76	38.5	36.88
Multimorbidity	35.53	42.78	36.01
ADL disability, mean (SD)	0.30 (1.18)	1.32 (2.20)	0.37 (1.30)	−10.58	< 0.001
K10, mean (SD)	16.22 (7.12)	22.41 (9.19)	16.63 (7.44)	−11.23	< 0.001
SSRS, mean (SD)	43.39 (6.11)	39.07 (7.07)	43.10 (6.27)	9.23	< 0.001

ADL Activity of Daily Living Scale, K10 Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, SSRS Social Support Rating Scale

ISSN: 1471-2318