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Table 5 Factorial invariance of the GDS-10 model across age, sex, residence, and education

From: Psychometric properties and modification of the 15-item geriatric depression scale among Chinese oldest-old and centenarians: a mixed-methods study

Subgroups

Models

χ2/df

CFI

NFI

RMSEA

Δχ2

P

ΔCFI

ΔNFI

ΔRMSEA

Age

 Oldest-old

 

2.232

0.954

0.977

0.049

     

 Centenarians

 

1.813

0.955

0.976

0.041

     
 

Configural

2.248

0.987

0.977

0.028

——

——

——

——

——

Metric

2.435

0.972

0.97

0.030

5.343

0.456

0.001

0.005

-0.001

Scalar

4.111

0.956

0.966

0.044

8.892

0.187

-0.006

0.001

0

Residual

5.893

0.933

0.943

0.056

25.132

<0.001

0.002

0.003

0

Sex

 Male

 

2.452

0.944

0.955

0.061

     

 Female

 

1.336

0.964

0.978

0.041

     
 

Configural

2.558

0.955

0.946

0.055

——

——

——

——

——

Metric

2.765

0.945

0.935

0.046

7.212

0.325

0

-0.001

0.002

Scalar

4.211

0.951

0.945

0.044

11.456

0.254

0.001

0.001

-0.001

Residual

6.009

0.954

0.955

0.053

28.462

<0.001

0.009

-0.005

-0.004

Residence

 Rural

 

1.467

0.961

0.974

0.038

     

 Urban

 

2.554

0.948

0.987

0.045

     
 

Configural

2.758

0.956

0.977

0.042

——

——

——

——

——

Metric

3.165

0.955

0.977

0.041

8.049

0.289

-0.001

-0.002

0.002

Scalar

4.311

0.953

0.975

0.038

13.551

0.116

0.003

-0.001

0.001

Residual

6.109

0.961

0.976

0.042

51.402

<0.001

0.006

0.002

0.001

Education

 Illiterate

 

1.502

0.965

0.960

0.035

     

 Literate

 

2.876

0.969

0.941

0.046

     
 

Configural

4.189

0.943

0.969

0.045

——

——

——

——

——

Metric

4.232

0.946

0.965

0.045

4.604

0.614

0.009

0.001

0

Scalar

4.503

0.934

0.961

0.047

5.951

0.232

-0.002

0.002

-0.002

Residual

5.679

0.914

0.915

0.054

19.244

0.016

0.006

0.004

0.003

  1. GDS geriatric depression scale, RMSEA root men square error of approximation, NFI normed fit index, CFI comparative fit index