Table 1 Demographic characteristics and GDS-15 scores of the 1624 participants
Characteristics | GDS score (mean ± SD) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample (NÂ =1624) | Oldest-old(NÂ =786) | Centenarians(NÂ =838) | |||||
  Age, mean ± SD | 94.30 ± 9.52 | 4.38 ± 3.02 | 85.19 ± 4.20 | 3.56 ± 2.50 | 102.48 ± 2.74 | 5.23 ± 3.24 | |
    Sex, n (%) | Male | 466(28.7) | 3.48 ± 2.54 | 305(38.8) | 3.13 ± 2.31 | 161(19.2) | 4.17 ± 2.87 |
Female | 1158(71.3) | 4.74 ± 3.11 | 481(61.2) | 3.83 ± 2.58 | 677(80.8) | 5.40 ± 3.32 | |
    Education, n (%) | Illiterate | 1365(84.1) | 4.57 ± 3.09 | 603(76.7) | 3.70 ± 2.59 | 762(90.9) | 5.28 ± 3.31 |
Literate | 259(15.9) | 3.34 ± 2.29 | 183(23.3) | 3.10 ± 2.11 | 76(9.1) | 3.99 ± 2.69 | |
    Residence, n (%) | Rural | 1057(65.1) | 4.53 ± 3.03 | 481(61.2) | 3.71 ± 2.57 | 576(68.7) | 5.23 ± 3.23 |
Urban | 567(34.9) | 4.09 ± 2.95 | 305(38.8) | 3.33 ± 2.37 | 262(31.3) | 5.02 ± 3.37 | |
    Ethnicity, n (%) | Han | 1452(89.4) | 4.32 ± 3.01 | 712(90.6) | 3.52 ± 2.53 | 740(88.3) | 5.12 ± 3.27 |
Minority | 172(10.6) | 4.81 ± 2.96 | 74(9.4) | 3.90 ± 2.25 | 98(11.7) | 5.61 ± 3.36 | |
    Marriage status, n (%) | Married | 479(29.5) | 3.34 ± 2.32 | 389(49.5) | 3.05 ± 2.11 | 90(10.7) | 4.63 ± 2.76 |
Divorced or widowed | 1145(70.5) | 4.82 ± 3.18 | 397(50.5) | 4.07 ± 2.74 | 748(89.3) | 5.23 ± 3.33 | |
    Residence type, n (%) | Cottage | 1180(72.7) | 4.42 ± 3.13 | 592(75.3) | 3.57 ± 2.66 | 619(73.9) | 5.20 ± 3.32 |
Building or others | 444(27.3) | 4.32 ± 2.58 | 194(24.7) | 3.56 ± 1.99 | 219(26.1) | 5.05 ± 2.86 | |
    Living situation, n (%) | At home | 1615(99.4) | 4.46 ± 3.12 | 785(99.9) | 3.71 ± 2.84 | 830(99.0) | 5.25 ± 3.39 |
Nursing home | 9(0.6) | 4.33 ± 3.42 | 1(0.1) | 0 | 8(1.0) | 4.87 ± 3.22 | |
    Relatives contacts, n (%) | Yes a | 1497(92.2) | 4.42 ± 3.01 | 734(93.4) | 3.57 ± 2.52 | 763(91.1) | 5.24 ± 3.22 |
NO | 127(7.8) | 4.44 ± 2.98 | 52(6.6) | 4.20 ± 2.32 | 75(8.9) | 4.56 ± 3.25 | |
    Friends contacts, n (%) | Yes b | 682(42.0) | 4.49 ± 3.15 | 409(52.0) | 3.64 ± 2.53 | 273(32.6) | 5.74 ± 3.52 |
NO | 942(58.0) | 4.29 ± 2.88 | 377(48.0) | 3.44 ± 2.41 | 565(67.4) | 4.88 ± 3.02 | |
    Physical function, n (%) | Dependence c | 770(47.4) | 5.34 ± 3.13 | 202(25.7) | 4.42 ± 2.58 | 568(67.8) | 5.74 ± 3.28 |
Independence | 854(52.6) | 3.51 ± 2.61 | 584(74.3) | 3.32 ± 2.42 | 270(32.2) | 4.02 ± 2.99 | |