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Table 1 Characteristics of study population by status of chronic liver disease

From: Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis increase morbidity in geriatric patients treated surgically for hip fractures: analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample

 

Total

(n = 347,363)

No liver disease

(n = 344,035)

Non-cirrhotic liver disease

(n = 1257)

Cirrhosis

(n = 2071)

P-value

Age

    

 < 0.001

 65–74

54,297 (15.63%)

52,900 (15.38%)

527 (41.93%)

870 (42.01%)

 

 75–84

132,068 (38.02%)

130,737 (38.00%)

471 (37.47%)

860 (41.53%)

 

 85 + 

160,998 (46.35%)

160,398 (46.62%)

259 (20.60%)

341 (16.47%)

 

 Mean

82.80 (7.51)

82.86 (7.48)

77.11 (7.75)

76.58 (7.23)

 < 0.001

Sex

    

 < 0.001

 Female

258,120 (74.32%)

256,033 (74.43%)

813 (64.68%)

1274 (61.52%)

 

 Male

89,193 (25.68%)

87,952 (25.57%)

444 (35.32%)

797 (38.48%)

 

Procedure

    

0.0208

 Hemiarthroplasty

85,388 (24.58%)

84,655 (24.61%)

262 (20.84%)

471 (22.74%)

 

 THA

8137 (2.34%)

8044 (2.34%)

35 (2.78%)

58 (2.80%)

 

 ORIF

141,854 (40.84%)

140,468 (40.83%)

528 (42.00%)

858 (41.43%)

 

 CRIF

85,744 (24.68%)

84,902 (24.68%)

318 (25.30%)

524 (25.30%

 

 Internal fixation alone

26,240 (7.55%)

25,966 (7.55%)

114 (9.07%)

160 (7.73)

 

Fracture type

    

0.0765

 Cervical

118,881 (34.22%)

117,810 (34.24%)

411 (32.70%)

660 (31.87%)

 

 Peri/Intertrochanteric

203,340 (58.54%)

201,334 (58.52%)

742 (59.03%)

1264 (61.03%)

 

 Subtrochanteric

25,142 (7.24%)

24,891 (7.24%)

104 (8.27%)

147 (7.10%)

 

Etiology of cirrhosis

    

-

 Alcoholic

-

-

-

537 (25.93%)

 

 Viral

-

-

-

219 (10.57%)

 

 Other / multiple etiology

-

-

-

1315 (63.50%)

 

Income

    

0.0374

 Lowest quartile

83,140 (24.38%)

82,281 (24.36%)

306 (25.08%)

553 (27.28%)

 

 Second quartile

92,873 (27.23%)

92,011 (27.24%)

313 (25.66%)

549 (27.08%)

 

 Third quartile

85,603 (25.10%)

84,794 (25.10%)

310 (25.41%)

499 (24.62%)

 

 Fourth quartile

79,441 (23.29%)

78,724 (23.30%)

291 (23.85%)

426 (21.02%)

 

Race/ethnicity

    

 < 0.001

 White

260,814 (88.17%)

258,433 (88.24%)

893 (79.38%)

1488 (81.94%)

 

 Black

9569 (3.23%)

9415 (3.21%)

93 (8.27%)

61 (3.36%)

 

 Hispanic

14,143 (4.78%)

13,864 (4.73%)

81 (7.20%)

198 (10.90%)

 

 Asian

4250 (1.44%)

4194 (1.43%)

33 (2.93%)

23 (1.27%)

 

 Others

7047 (2.38%)

6976 (2.38%)

25 (2.22%)

46 (2.53%)

 

Insurance status / Primary Payer

   

0.0009

 Medicare

318,174 (91.71%)

315,173 (91.72%)

1128 (89.88%)

1873 (90.48%)

 

 Medicaid

3050 (0.88%)

2999 (0.87%)

21 (1.67%)

30 (1.45%)

 

 Private

20,625 (5.94%)

20,403 (5.94%)

82 (6.53%)

140 (6.76%)

 

 Self/ no charge /others

5089 (1.47%)

5038 (1.47%)

24 (1.91%)

27 (1.30%)

 

Comorbidities

 Anemia

104,877 (30.19%)

103,670 (30.13%)

413 (32.86%)

794 (38.34%)

 < 0.001

 Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases

11,490 (3.31%)

11,357 (3.30%)

50 (3.98%)

83 (4.01%)

0.0827

 Congestive heart failure

59,564 (17.15%)

58,860 (17.11%)

210 (16.71%)

494 (23.5%)

 < 0.001

 Chronic pulmonary disease

74,658 (21.9%)

73,732 (21.43%)

355 (28.24%)

571 (27.57%)

 < 0.001

 Coagulopathy

22,794 (6.56%)

21,790 (6.33%)

252 (20.05%)

752 (36.31%)

 < 0.001

 Depression

43,560 (12.54%)

43,113 (12.53%)

190 (15.12%)

257 (12.41%)

0.0218

 Diabetes

74,026 (21.31%)

72,905 (21.19%)

372 (29.59%)

749 (36.17%)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

244,446 (70.37%)

242,366 (70.45%)

865 (68.81%)

1215 (58.67%)

 < 0.001

 Hypothyroidism

67,041 (19.30%)

66,417 (19.31%)

223 (17.74%)

401 (19.36%)

0.3727

 Fluid/electrolyte disorders

100,413 (28.91%)

99,243 (28.85%)

387 (30.79%)

783 (37.81%)

 < 0.001

 Other neurological disorders

62,565 (18.01%)

62,123 (18.06%)

192 (15.27%)

250 (12.07%)

 < 0.001

 Obesity

9506 (2.74%)

9333 (2.71%)

74 (5.89%)

99 (4.78%)

 < 0.001

 Peripheral vascular disorders

24,100 (6.94%)

23,807 (6.92%)

136 (10.82%)

157 (7.58%)

 < 0.001

 Psychoses

11,435 (3.29%)

11,280 (3.28%)

74 (5.89%)

81 (3.91%)

 < 0.001

 Pulmonary circulation disorders

14,865 (4.28%)

14,713 (4.28%)

54 (4.30%)

98 (4.73%)

0.5936

 Renal failure

46,342 (13.34%)

45,678 (13.28%)

209 (16.63%)

455 (21.97%)

 < 0.001

 Valvular disease

39,248 (11.30%)

38,861 (11.30%)

128 (10.18%)

259 (12.51%)

0.1014

 Weight loss

15,922 (4.58%)

15,646 (4.55%)

95 (7.56%)

181 (8.74%)

 < 0.001

 Cardiac dysrhythmias

92,335 (26.58%)

91,529 (26.60%)

289 (22.99%)

517 (24.96%)

0.0037

 Tobacco use

52,477 (15.11%)

51,737 (15.04%)

307 (24.42%)

433 (20.91%)

 < 0.001

Number of comorbidities:

    

 < 0.001

 0

9501 (2.74%)

9453 (2.75%)

24 (1.91%)

24 (1.16%)

 

 1

33,786 (9.73%)

33,585 (9.76%)

81 (6.44%)

120 (5.79%)

 

 2

62,573 (18.01%)

62,134 (18.06%)

186 (14.80%)

253 (12.22%)

 

 ≥ 3

24,103 (69.52%)

238,863 (69.43%)

966 (76.85%)

1674 (80.83%)

 

Hospital bed size

    

0.1271

 Large (> 450)

206,113 (59.9%)

204,092 (59.57%)

759 (60.72%)

1262 (61.23%)

 

 Medium (250–450)

93,441 (27.01%)

92,570 (27.02%)

348 (27.84%)

523 (25.38%)

 

 Small (< 250)

46,341 (13.40%)

45,922 (13.40%)

143 (11.44%)

276 (13.39%)

 

Location/teaching status

    

 < 0.001

 Rural

50,958 (14.73%)

50,587 (14.77%)

133 (10.64%)

238 (11.55%)

 

 Urban nonteaching

163,422 (47.25%)

161,923 (47.27%)

542 (43.36%)

957 (46.43%)

 

 Urban teaching

131,515 (38.02%)

130,074 (37.97%)

575 (46.00%)

866 (42.02%)

 

Hospital region

    

 < 0.001

 Northeast

69,477 (20.00%)

68,815 (20.00%)

260 (20.68%)

402 (19.41%)

 

 Midwest

80,083 (23.05%)

79,432 (23.09%)

237 (18.85%)

414 (19.99%)

 

 South

135,271 (38.94%)

133,985 (38.95%)

451 (35.88%)

835 (40.32%)

 

 West

62,532 (18.00%)

61,803 (17.96%)

309 (24.58%)

420 (20.28%)

 
  1. Significant values are in bold
  2. THA total hip arthroplasty, ORIF open reduction and internal fixation, CRIF close reduction and internal fixation