Total (n = 347,363) | No liver disease (n = 344,035) | Non-cirrhotic liver disease (n = 1257) | Cirrhosis (n = 2071) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | < 0.001 | ||||
65–74 | 54,297 (15.63%) | 52,900 (15.38%) | 527 (41.93%) | 870 (42.01%) | |
75–84 | 132,068 (38.02%) | 130,737 (38.00%) | 471 (37.47%) | 860 (41.53%) | |
85 + | 160,998 (46.35%) | 160,398 (46.62%) | 259 (20.60%) | 341 (16.47%) | |
Mean | 82.80 (7.51) | 82.86 (7.48) | 77.11 (7.75) | 76.58 (7.23) | < 0.001 |
Sex | < 0.001 | ||||
Female | 258,120 (74.32%) | 256,033 (74.43%) | 813 (64.68%) | 1274 (61.52%) | |
Male | 89,193 (25.68%) | 87,952 (25.57%) | 444 (35.32%) | 797 (38.48%) | |
Procedure | 0.0208 | ||||
Hemiarthroplasty | 85,388 (24.58%) | 84,655 (24.61%) | 262 (20.84%) | 471 (22.74%) | |
THA | 8137 (2.34%) | 8044 (2.34%) | 35 (2.78%) | 58 (2.80%) | |
ORIF | 141,854 (40.84%) | 140,468 (40.83%) | 528 (42.00%) | 858 (41.43%) | |
CRIF | 85,744 (24.68%) | 84,902 (24.68%) | 318 (25.30%) | 524 (25.30% | |
Internal fixation alone | 26,240 (7.55%) | 25,966 (7.55%) | 114 (9.07%) | 160 (7.73) | |
Fracture type | 0.0765 | ||||
Cervical | 118,881 (34.22%) | 117,810 (34.24%) | 411 (32.70%) | 660 (31.87%) | |
Peri/Intertrochanteric | 203,340 (58.54%) | 201,334 (58.52%) | 742 (59.03%) | 1264 (61.03%) | |
Subtrochanteric | 25,142 (7.24%) | 24,891 (7.24%) | 104 (8.27%) | 147 (7.10%) | |
Etiology of cirrhosis | - | ||||
Alcoholic | - | - | - | 537 (25.93%) | |
Viral | - | - | - | 219 (10.57%) | |
Other / multiple etiology | - | - | - | 1315 (63.50%) | |
Income | 0.0374 | ||||
Lowest quartile | 83,140 (24.38%) | 82,281 (24.36%) | 306 (25.08%) | 553 (27.28%) | |
Second quartile | 92,873 (27.23%) | 92,011 (27.24%) | 313 (25.66%) | 549 (27.08%) | |
Third quartile | 85,603 (25.10%) | 84,794 (25.10%) | 310 (25.41%) | 499 (24.62%) | |
Fourth quartile | 79,441 (23.29%) | 78,724 (23.30%) | 291 (23.85%) | 426 (21.02%) | |
Race/ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||||
White | 260,814 (88.17%) | 258,433 (88.24%) | 893 (79.38%) | 1488 (81.94%) | |
Black | 9569 (3.23%) | 9415 (3.21%) | 93 (8.27%) | 61 (3.36%) | |
Hispanic | 14,143 (4.78%) | 13,864 (4.73%) | 81 (7.20%) | 198 (10.90%) | |
Asian | 4250 (1.44%) | 4194 (1.43%) | 33 (2.93%) | 23 (1.27%) | |
Others | 7047 (2.38%) | 6976 (2.38%) | 25 (2.22%) | 46 (2.53%) | |
Insurance status / Primary Payer | 0.0009 | ||||
Medicare | 318,174 (91.71%) | 315,173 (91.72%) | 1128 (89.88%) | 1873 (90.48%) | |
Medicaid | 3050 (0.88%) | 2999 (0.87%) | 21 (1.67%) | 30 (1.45%) | |
Private | 20,625 (5.94%) | 20,403 (5.94%) | 82 (6.53%) | 140 (6.76%) | |
Self/ no charge /others | 5089 (1.47%) | 5038 (1.47%) | 24 (1.91%) | 27 (1.30%) | |
Comorbidities | |||||
Anemia | 104,877 (30.19%) | 103,670 (30.13%) | 413 (32.86%) | 794 (38.34%) | < 0.001 |
Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases | 11,490 (3.31%) | 11,357 (3.30%) | 50 (3.98%) | 83 (4.01%) | 0.0827 |
Congestive heart failure | 59,564 (17.15%) | 58,860 (17.11%) | 210 (16.71%) | 494 (23.5%) | < 0.001 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 74,658 (21.9%) | 73,732 (21.43%) | 355 (28.24%) | 571 (27.57%) | < 0.001 |
Coagulopathy | 22,794 (6.56%) | 21,790 (6.33%) | 252 (20.05%) | 752 (36.31%) | < 0.001 |
Depression | 43,560 (12.54%) | 43,113 (12.53%) | 190 (15.12%) | 257 (12.41%) | 0.0218 |
Diabetes | 74,026 (21.31%) | 72,905 (21.19%) | 372 (29.59%) | 749 (36.17%) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 244,446 (70.37%) | 242,366 (70.45%) | 865 (68.81%) | 1215 (58.67%) | < 0.001 |
Hypothyroidism | 67,041 (19.30%) | 66,417 (19.31%) | 223 (17.74%) | 401 (19.36%) | 0.3727 |
Fluid/electrolyte disorders | 100,413 (28.91%) | 99,243 (28.85%) | 387 (30.79%) | 783 (37.81%) | < 0.001 |
Other neurological disorders | 62,565 (18.01%) | 62,123 (18.06%) | 192 (15.27%) | 250 (12.07%) | < 0.001 |
Obesity | 9506 (2.74%) | 9333 (2.71%) | 74 (5.89%) | 99 (4.78%) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disorders | 24,100 (6.94%) | 23,807 (6.92%) | 136 (10.82%) | 157 (7.58%) | < 0.001 |
Psychoses | 11,435 (3.29%) | 11,280 (3.28%) | 74 (5.89%) | 81 (3.91%) | < 0.001 |
Pulmonary circulation disorders | 14,865 (4.28%) | 14,713 (4.28%) | 54 (4.30%) | 98 (4.73%) | 0.5936 |
Renal failure | 46,342 (13.34%) | 45,678 (13.28%) | 209 (16.63%) | 455 (21.97%) | < 0.001 |
Valvular disease | 39,248 (11.30%) | 38,861 (11.30%) | 128 (10.18%) | 259 (12.51%) | 0.1014 |
Weight loss | 15,922 (4.58%) | 15,646 (4.55%) | 95 (7.56%) | 181 (8.74%) | < 0.001 |
Cardiac dysrhythmias | 92,335 (26.58%) | 91,529 (26.60%) | 289 (22.99%) | 517 (24.96%) | 0.0037 |
Tobacco use | 52,477 (15.11%) | 51,737 (15.04%) | 307 (24.42%) | 433 (20.91%) | < 0.001 |
Number of comorbidities: | < 0.001 | ||||
0 | 9501 (2.74%) | 9453 (2.75%) | 24 (1.91%) | 24 (1.16%) | |
1 | 33,786 (9.73%) | 33,585 (9.76%) | 81 (6.44%) | 120 (5.79%) | |
2 | 62,573 (18.01%) | 62,134 (18.06%) | 186 (14.80%) | 253 (12.22%) | |
≥ 3 | 24,103 (69.52%) | 238,863 (69.43%) | 966 (76.85%) | 1674 (80.83%) | |
Hospital bed size | 0.1271 | ||||
Large (> 450) | 206,113 (59.9%) | 204,092 (59.57%) | 759 (60.72%) | 1262 (61.23%) | |
Medium (250–450) | 93,441 (27.01%) | 92,570 (27.02%) | 348 (27.84%) | 523 (25.38%) | |
Small (< 250) | 46,341 (13.40%) | 45,922 (13.40%) | 143 (11.44%) | 276 (13.39%) | |
Location/teaching status | < 0.001 | ||||
Rural | 50,958 (14.73%) | 50,587 (14.77%) | 133 (10.64%) | 238 (11.55%) | |
Urban nonteaching | 163,422 (47.25%) | 161,923 (47.27%) | 542 (43.36%) | 957 (46.43%) | |
Urban teaching | 131,515 (38.02%) | 130,074 (37.97%) | 575 (46.00%) | 866 (42.02%) | |
Hospital region | < 0.001 | ||||
Northeast | 69,477 (20.00%) | 68,815 (20.00%) | 260 (20.68%) | 402 (19.41%) | |
Midwest | 80,083 (23.05%) | 79,432 (23.09%) | 237 (18.85%) | 414 (19.99%) | |
South | 135,271 (38.94%) | 133,985 (38.95%) | 451 (35.88%) | 835 (40.32%) | |
West | 62,532 (18.00%) | 61,803 (17.96%) | 309 (24.58%) | 420 (20.28%) |