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Table 3 Mean changes in secondary outcomes after 8 weeks of inspiratory muscle training

From: Effects of a new respiratory muscle training device in community-dwelling elderly men: an open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial

 

Group N-C

(n = 17)

Group I-C

(n = 16)

Group N-H

(n = 19)

Group I-H

(n = 19)

Outcomes

Change from baseline

P value

Change from baseline

P value

Change from baseline

P value

Change from baseline

P value

ES

ES

ES

ES

Right diaphragm thickness at end inspiration (mm)

0.70 ± 1.17

(0.09 to 1.30)

0.026*

0.20 ± 1.27

(−0.47 to 0.88)

0.527

0.50 ± 0.83

(0.09 to 0.90)

0.018*

0.62 ± 1.09

(0.10 to 1.15)

0.022*

0.5

0.1

0.6

0.5

BMI (kg/m2)

−0.99 ± 2.85

(−2.46 to 0.47)

0.169

0.78 ± 1.40

(0.00 to 1.56)

0.048*

0.19 ± 0.85

(− 0.21 to 0.60)

0.340

0.23 ± 1.00

(− 0.24 to 0.71)

0.318

0.3

0.5

0.2

0.2

FVC (% predicted)

2.05 ± 4.09

(0.04 to 4.16)

0.055

3.18 ± 6.96

(−0.52 to 6.90)

0.087

−1.63 ± 19.24

(−10.90 to 7.64)

0.716

0.57 ± 8.00

(−3.28 to 4.43)

0.756

0.5

0.4

0.1

0.1

FEV1 (% predicted)

−1.00 ± 4.25

(−3.18 to 1.18)

0.347

2.25 ± 14.59

(−5.52 to 10.02)

0.547

4.10 ± 19.80

(− 5.44 to 13.65)

0.378

3.31 ± 10.23

(− 1.61 to 8.24)

0.175

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

PCF (L/min)

6.11 ± 55.00

(−21.24 to 31.46)

0.643

3.12 ± 34.19

(−15.09 to 21.34)

0.720

23.68 ± 35.77

(6.43 to 40.92)

0.010*

29.47 ± 42.48

(8.99 to 49.95)

0.007*

0.1

0.1

0.6

0.6

RMS (uV)

9.76 ± 78.75

(−5.02 to 24.54)

0.181

6.23 ± 22.36

(− 5.68 to 18.15)

0.283

8.23 ± 21.45

(−2.10 to 18.57)

0.112

7.89 ± 29.96

(−6.54 to 22.34)

0.266

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.2

SMI

−0.06 ± 0.33

(−0.23 to 0.10)

0.711

0.03 ± 0.34

(− 0.15 to 0.22)

0.711

0.10 ± 0.26

(− 0.02 to 0.22)

0.114

0.03 ± 0.31

(− 0.11 to 0.18)

0.663

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.1

Bioimpedance-derived phase angle

0.06 ± 0.32

(−0.10 to 0.23)

0.428

0.12 ± 0.32

(− 0.05 to 0.30)

0.152

− 0.08 ± 0.30

(− 0.22 to 0.06)

0.240

0.06 ± 0.30

(−3.28 to 4.43)

0.756

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.2

IPAQ (MET-min/week)

− 236.82 ± 2294.48

(− 1416.53 to 942.88)

0.676

−229.06 ± 2018.41

(− 1304.60 to 846.47)

0.656

− 165.73 ± 1745.60

(− 1007.09 to 675.61)

0.684

− 277.84 ± 2939.75

(− 1694.75 to 1139.07)

0.685

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

VO2 peak (ml/kg/min)

1.44 ± 5.88

(−1.48 to 4.36)

0.312

0.73 ± 5.26

(−2.06 to 3.54)

0.583

−1.64 ± 7.63

(−5.32 to 2.03)

0.361

−1.76 ± 7.38

(− 5.32 to 1.79)

0.312

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.5

  1. Continuous variables are reported as mean ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval)
  2. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second, PCF peak cough flow, RMS root mean square, SMI skeletal muscle index, IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire; VO2 peak, peak oxygen uptake
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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