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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to the quartiles of UA

From: Higher uric acid serum levels are associated with sarcopenia in west China: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Uric Acid (umol/L) Male(n = 1542)

Uric Acid (umol/L) Female(n = 2718)

Q1*

Q2*

Q3*

Q4*

P

Q1#

Q2#

Q3#

Q4#

P

Age (years),mean (SD)

64.28(7.54)d

63.89(8.03)

63.63(8.42)

62.65(8.53)a

0.037

61.51(7.86)d

60.88(7.77)d

60.89(7.81)d

63.15(8.95)abc

 < 0.01

Ethnic groups (%)

    

0.084

    

 < 0.01

Han

161(41.92)

136(35.14)

148(38.34)

161(41.82)

 

275(40.5)d

287(42.27)

326(48.01)

345(50.66)a

 

Zang

110(28.65)

140(36.18)

130(33.68)

135(35.06)

 

189(27.84)

173(25.48)

162(23.86)

165(24.23)

 

Qiang

99(25.78)

87(22.48)

92(23.83)

79(18.18)

 

176(25.92)

194(28.57)

160(23.56)

131(19.24)

 

Yi

14(3.65)

24(6.2)

16(4.15)

19(4.94)

 

39(5.74)

25(3.68)

31(4.57)

40(5.87)

 

Education (%)

    

0.57

    

 < 0.01

No formal education

62(16.9)

67(18.77)

70(18.92)

61(16.62)

 

285(44.74)c

225(34.99)

210(32.16)a

266(40.86)

 

Primary school

154(41.96)

135(37.82)

146(39.46)

132(35.97)

 

182(28.57)

217(33.75)

218(33.38)

182(27.96)

 

Middle school and above

151(41.14)

155(43.42)

154(41.62)

174(47.41)

 

170(26.69)

201(31.26)

225(34.46)

203(31.18)

 

smoking history(%)

    

0.784

    

0.244

No

210(57.38)

192(53.93)

208(56.68)

202(55.04)

 

622(97.8)

623(97.8)

636(97.7)

623(96.29)

 

Yes

156(42.62)

164(46.07)

159(43.32)

165(44.96)

 

14(2.2)

14(2.2)

15(2.3)

24(3.71)

 

drinking history(%)

    

0.186

    

0.46

No

204(55.74)

202(56.74)

191(52.04)

182(49.59)

 

563(88.52)

545(85.56)

563(86.48)

563(87.02)

 

Yes

162(44.26)

154(43.26)

176(47.96)

185(50.41)

 

73(11.48)

92(14.44)

88(13.52)

84(12.98)

 

ADL score,

mean (SD)

99.01(3.81)

98.74(5.42)

99.22(2.69)

99.35(2.66)

0.149

99.06(4)

99.38(2.47)

99.15(3.23)

98.82(3.68)

0.028

GDS score,

mean (SD)

2.4(2.13)

2.61(2.5)

2.45(2.23)

2.17(1.92)

0.065

2.98(2.49)

2.8(2.41)

2.66(2.42)

2.7(2.41)

0.091

Cognitive function (%)

    

0.026

    

0.013

No decline

342(93.7)

313(87.92)

340(93)

336(91.55)

 

511(80.47)

537(84.17)

536(82.59)

545(84.5)

 

Mild decline

18(4.93)

36(10.11)

16(4.37)

26(7.08)

 

86(13.54)

76(11.91)

97(14.95)

68(10.54)

 

Moderate-severe decline

5(1.37)

7(1.97)

10(2.73)

5(1.37)

 

38(5.99)

25(3.92)

16(2.47)

32(4.96)

 

Sleep quality (%)

    

0.793

    

0.547

Good

196(54.14)

191(52.47)

193(52.45)

202(55.65)

 

345(53.82)

327(50.39)

345(531.16)

328(51.01)

 

Bad

166(45.86)

173(47.53)

175(47.55)

161(44.35)

 

196(46.18)

322(49.61)

304(46.84)

315(48.99)

 

Hypertension (%)

    

 < 0.01

    

 < 0.01

No

314(81.77)d

308(79.59)

281(72.8)

263(68.31)a

 

567(83.51)d

556(81.89)

521(76.73)

464(68.14)a

 

Yes

70(18.23)d

79(20.41)

105(27.2)

122(31.69)a

 

112(16.49)d

123(18.11)

158(23.27)

217(31.86)a

 

Diabetes (%)

    

0.25

    

 < 0.01

No

346(90.1)

364(94.06)

355(91.97)

354(91.95)

 

639(94.11)

649(95.58)d

649(95.58)d

613(90.01)bc

 

Yes

38(9.9)

23(5.94)

31(8.03)

31(8.05)

 

40(5.89)

30(4.42)d

30(4.42)d

68(9.99)bc

 

CHD

    

0.041

    

0.04

No

373(97.14)

378(97.67)

377(97.67)

364(94.55)

 

661(2.65)

670(98.67)

661(97.35)

655(96.18)

 

Yes

11(2.86)

9(2.33)

9(2.33)

21(5.45)

 

18(2.65)

9(1.33)

18(2.65)

26(3.82)

 

Liver disease (%)

    

0.091

    

0.307

No

366(95.31)

379(97.93)

376(97.41)

367(95.32)

 

672(1.03)

665(97.94)

669(98.53)

666(97.8)

 

Yes

18(4.69)

8(2.07)

10(2.59)

18(4.68)

 

7(1.03)

14(2.06)

10(1.47)

15(2.2)

 

Gastrointestinal disease (%)

    

0.476

    

0.615

No

361(94.01)

373(96.38)

365(94.56)

365(94.81)

 

631(92.93)

629(92.64)

636(93.67)

642(94.27)

 

Yes

23(5.99)

14(3.62)

21(5.44)

20(5.19)

 

48(7.07)

50(7.36)

43(6.33)

39(5.73)

 

Stoke history (%)

    

0.808

    

0.565

No

376(97.92)

382(98.71)

378(97.93)

377(97.92)

 

670(98.67)

669(98.53)

673(99.12)

669(98.24)

 

Yes

8(2.08)

5(1.29)

8(2.07)

8(2.08)

 

9(1.33)

10(1.47)

6(0.88)

12(1.76)

 

COPD (%)

    

0.735

    

0.176

No

380(98.96)

380(98.19)

380(98.45)

381(98.96)

 

676(99.56)

675(99.41)

670(98.67)

672(98.68)

 

Yes

4(1.04)

7(1.81)

6(1.55)

4(1.04)

 

3(0.44)

4(0.59)

9(1.33)

9(1.32)

 

Osteoarticular disease(%)

    

0.83

    

0.294

No

358(93.23)

363(93.8)

361(93.52)

355(92.21)

 

614(90.43)

619(91.16)

631(92.93)

615(90.31)

 

Yes

26(6.77)

24(6.2)

25(6.48)

30(7.79)

 

65(9.57)

60(8.84)

48(7.07)

66(9.69)

 

Sarcopenia(%)

    

 < 0.01

    

 < 0.01

No

254(66.15)d

271(70.03)d

292(75.65)

314(81.56)ab

 

541(72.52)d

645(78.37)

798(78.31)

1319(78.89)a

 

Yes

130(33.85)d

116(29.97)d

94(24.35)

71(18.44)ab

 

205(27.48)d

178(21.63)

221(21.69)

353(21.11)a

 

SMI,kg/m2,mean (SD)

7.18(0.76)cd

7.3(0.81)d

7.41(0.79)ad

7.57(0.79)abc

 < 0.01

6.04(0.73)bcd

6.24(0.68)a

6.26(0.75)a

6.3(0.79)a

 < 0.01

Handgrip strength,kg,mean (SD)

27.83(8.66)

28.16(9.22)

28.42(9.65)

29.25(0.82)

0.212

17.63(5.24)bc

18.43(5.58)a

18.73(5.63)a

`18.34(5.76)

0.003

Gait speed,m/s,,mean (SD)

0.87(0.29)

0.88(0.28)

0.87(0.27)

0.87(0.24)

0.933

0.84(0.28)

0.85(0.26)

0.86(0.27)d

0.81(0.27)c

0.009

  1. Note: Baseline characteristics of participants according to the quartiles of UA. For continuous variables, one-way ANOVA was used to detect differences across groups for the continuous variables, and Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc analysis was used to determine the difference between every two groups. For the categorical variables, the chi-squared test was used to detect the difference across groups. When significant difference was identified across groups, column proportions tests (z-tests) with Bonferroni correction were performed to determine the difference between every two groups. During most testing, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, however, p-values were corrected for z-tests with the Bonferroni correction (with the statistical significance set at p < 0.008, where 0.008 = 0.05/6). Q stands for UA: Q1 is the lowest quartile and Q4 is the highest quartile. aSignificantly different from the Q1 group. bSignificantly different from the Q2 group. cSignificantly different from the Q3 group. dSignificantly different from the Q4 group. CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In male: Q1* < 319.2umol/l, 319.2umol/l ≤ Q2* < 372.25umol/l, 372.25umol/l ≤ Q3* < 423.525umol/l, 423.525umol/l ≤ Q4*.In female: Q1# < 253.85umol/l, 253.85umol/l ≤ Q2# < 293.8umol/l, 293.8umol/l ≤ Q3# < 340.4umol/l, 340.4umol/l ≤ Q4#