Table 2 Characteristics of the prenatal, birth and postnatal variables of the participants, their parents, and their family

Quantitative variables

Women

Men

N

Median

Min

Max

N

Median

Min

Max

Participant’s Z score of weight for age at birth

17

-0.68

-2.25

1.26

12

-0.69

-1.32

1.15

Participant’s Z score of head circumference at birth

4

-0.53

-0.75

-0.32

6

0.42

-1.15

1.21

Participant’s increase in arm circumference from the 3rd to 4th month (cm)

46

0.6

-1.3

2.0

29

0.5

-0.9

2.0

Participant’s weaning age (months)

38

16.5

2

28

23

15

1

23

Postpartum maternal BMI (kg/m²)

48

23.1

18.0

31.1

32

23.9

19.4

36.6

Father’s BMI (kg/m²)

45

21.9

18.7

31.7

31

21.8

14.7

29.5

Father’s formal education (years)

46

2

0

16

31

2

0

11

Number of family members at birth

47

7

3

13

32

5

3

13

Family SES (The higher the value, the lower the status)

45

14

5

19

28

13

7

20

Ordinal/Dichotomous variables

Women

Men

n

%

n

%

Participant’s Z score of weight increase from birth to 6 months 

<-1

19

41.3%

10

34.5%

-1 to +1

20

43.5%

15

51.7%

>+1

7

15.2%

4

13.8%

Participant’s Z score of head circumference increase from birth to 6 months

<-2

6

13.0%

3

10.3%

-2 to +1

37

80.4%

16

55.2%

>+1

3

6.5%

10

34.5%

Mother’s height Z score 

<-1.5

39

81.3%

26

81.3%

-1.5 to 0

9

18.7%

5

15.6%

>0

0

0%

1

3.1%

Mother’s postpartum BMI 

<19 kg/m2

1

2.1%

0

0%

19 to <25 kg/m²

35

72.9%

20

62.5%

≥25 kg/m²

12

25.0%

12

37.5%

Father’s BMI 

<19 kg/m²

1

2%

2

6%

19 to <25 kg/m²

36

80%

25

81%

≥25 kg/m²

8

18%

4

16%

Family’s SES 

High

10

22.2%

6

21.4%

Middle

21

46.7%

15

53.6%

Low

14

31.1%

7

25.0%

Family type

Nuclear

41

85.4%

23

90.6%

Extended

7

14.6%

9

9.4%