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Table 2 Association between ACEs and continuous HGS (kg) in the overall population and different sex groups in linear regression models

From: Adverse childhood experiences and handgrip strength among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study in China

 

Overalld

N = 7209

Mend

N = 3396

Womend

N = 3813

Model 1a

β (95% CI)

 ACEs

  0

ref

ref

ref

  1

-0.16 (-0.62, 0.30)

-0.19 (-0.97, 0.58)

-0.22 (-0.76, 0.32)

  2

-0.34 (-0.82, 0.14)

-0.39 (-1.18, 0.40)

-0.36 (-0.94, 0.21)

  ≥ 3

-1.26 (-1.71, -0.81)

-1.39 (-2.12, -0.65)

-1.17 (-1.71, -0.64)

  p for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Model 2b

   

 ACEs

   

  0

ref

ref

ref

  1

-0.16 (-0.61, 0.30)

-0.20 (-0.96, 0.56)

-0.21 (-0.75, 0.32)

  2

-0.32 (-0.80, 0.16)

-0.39 (-1.17, 0.39)

-0.35 (-0.93, 0.22)

  ≥ 3

-1.18 (-1.62, -0.73)

-1.33 (-2.06, -0.61)

-1.11 (-1.65, -0.57)

  p for trend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Model 3c

   

 ACEs

   

  0

ref

ref

ref

  1

-0.12 (-0.57, 0.32)

-0.22 (-0.96, 0.51)

-0.18 (-0.71, 0.35)

  2

-0.28 (-0.75, 0.19)

-0.40 (-1.16, 0.36)

-0.29 (-0.87, 0.28)

  ≥ 3

-0.93 (-1.37, -0.49)

-1.04 (-1.75, -0.33)

-0.93 (-1.46, -0.39)

  p for trend

 < 0.001

0.001

0.001

  1. ACE adverse childhood experience, CI confidence interval, HGS handgrip strength
  2. aModel 1: Adjusted for age and sex in the overall population, and adjusted for age in different sex groups
  3. bModle 2: Additionally adjusted for marital status, ethnicity, and area of residence
  4. cModel 3: Additionally adjusted for smoking and drinking status, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, DM, CVD, arthritis, hip fracture, and memory-related disease
  5. dIn the overall population, the average HGS were 31.2, 31.5, 31.7, and 30.7 kg in the groups with 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 ACEs. In men, the average HGS were 38.6, 38.4, 38.1, and 36.5 kg in the groups with 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 ACEs. In women, the average HGS were 26.2, 25.8, 25.7, and 24.5 kg in the groups with 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 ACEs