Characteristicsa | Total | No. of ACEs | p for difference | p for trend | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 |  ≥ 3 |  |  | ||
n | 7209 | 1424 (19.8%) | 1950 (27.0%) | 1577 (21.9%) | 2258 (31.3%) | Â | Â |
Demographic and lifestyle factors | |||||||
 Mean age (years) | 60.8 (8.9) | 60.0 (8.6) | 60.4 (8.9) | 60.6 (8.8) | 61.8 (9.1) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Sex, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
  Men | 3396 (47.1%) | 580 (40.7%) | 883 (45.3%) | 772 (49.0%) | 1161 (51.4%) |  |  |
  Women | 3813 (52.9%) | 844 (59.3%) | 1067 (54.7%) | 805 (51.0%) | 1097 (48.6%) |  |  |
 Marital status, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.041 | 0.015 |
  Married or cohabitated | 6353 (88.1%) | 1279 (89.8%) | 1715 (87.9%) | 1399 (88.7%) | 1960 (86.8%) |  |  |
  Unmarried | 856 (11.9%) | 145 (10.2%) | 235 (12.1%) | 178 (11.3%) | 298 (13.2%) |  |  |
 Ethnicity, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.918 | 0.499 |
  Han ethnicity | 6683 (92.7%) | 1316 (92.4%) | 1806 (92.6%) | 1461 (92.6%) | 2100 (93.0%) |  |  |
  Ethnic minority population | 526 (7.3%) | 108 (7.6%) | 144 (7.4%) | 116 (7.4%) | 158 (7.0%) |  |  |
 Area of residence, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.004 | 0.001 |
  Rural | 4660 (64.6%) | 897 (63.0%) | 1224 (62.8%) | 1013 (64.2%) | 1526 (67.6%) |  |  |
  Urban | 2549 (35.4%) | 527 (37.0%) | 726 (37.2%) | 564 (35.8%) | 732 (32.4%) |  |  |
 Smoking status, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
  Never smoker | 4110 (57.0%) | 906 (63.6%) | 1146 (58.8%) | 854 (54.2%) | 1204 (53.3%) |  |  |
  Ever smoker | 999 (13.9%) | 172 (12.1%) | 260 (13.3%) | 239 (15.2%) | 328 (14.5%) |  |  |
  Current smoker | 2100 (29.1%) | 346 (24.3%) | 544 (27.9%) | 484 (30.7%) | 726 (32.2%) |  |  |
 Drinking status, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
  Never drinker | 3884 (53.9%) | 880 (61.8%) | 1100 (56.4%) | 788 (50.0%) | 1116 (49.4%) |  |  |
  Ever drinker | 809 (11.2%) | 125 (8.8%) | 211 (10.8%) | 180 (11.4%) | 293 (13.0%) |  |  |
  Current drinker | 2516 (34.9%) | 419 (29.4%) | 639 (32.8%) | 609 (38.6%) | 849 (37.6%) |  |  |
Health assessment | |||||||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 (3.8) | 24.2 (3.8) | 24.0 (3.7) | 24.1 (3.8) | 23.6 (3.8) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128.1 (19.9) | 127.7 (19.7) | 128.5 (19.4) | 129.2 (20.6) | 127.4 (20.1) | 0.037 | 0.520 |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.6 (11.8) | 75.5 (11.9) | 75.5 (11.4) | 76.5 (12.0) | 74.9 (11.9) |  < 0.001 | 0.289 |
History of chronic diseases, n (%) | |||||||
 Hypertension | 3109 (43.1%) | 598 (42.0%) | 832 (42.7%) | 698 (44.3%) | 981 (43.4%) | 0.608 | 0.303 |
 Dyslipidaemia | 1172 (16.3%) | 217 (15.2%) | 298 (15.3%) | 270 (17.1%) | 387 (17.1%) | 0.203 | 0.052 |
 DM | 1265 (17.5%) | 248 (17.4%) | 320 (16.4%) | 280 (17.8%) | 417 (18.5%) | 0.372 | 0.196 |
 CVD | 1314 (18.2%) | 252 (17.7%) | 318 (16.3%) | 279 (17.7%) | 465 (20.6%) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
 Arthritis | 2704 (37.5%) | 425 (29.8%) | 634 (32.5%) | 612 (38.8%) | 1033 (45.7%) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Hip fracture | 149 (2.1%) | 25 (1.8%) | 40 (2.1%) | 26 (1.6%) | 58 (2.6%) | 0.183 | 0.129 |
 Memory-related disease | 168 (2.3%) | 29 (2.0%) | 34 (1.7%) | 37 (2.3%) | 68 (3.0%) | 0.044 | 0.014 |
HGS (kg) | |||||||
 Men | 37.7 (8.5) | 38.6 (7.7) | 38.4 (8.9) | 38.1 (8.5) | 36.5 (8.4) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Women | 25.5 (6.5) | 26.2 (6.3) | 25.8 (6.5) | 25.7 (6.5) | 24.5 (6.6) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
LMS, n (%) | |||||||
 Men | 695 (20.5%) | 94 (16.2%) | 168 (19.0%) | 145 (18.8%) | 288 (24.8%) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |
 Women | 788 (20.7%) | 150 (17.8%) | 205 (19.2%) | 158 (19.6%) | 275 (25.1%) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 |