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Table 1 Baseline Clinical Characteristics

From: The association between handgrip strength and depression in cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Total sample

Normal handgrip strength

Low handgrip strength

Standardize diff

P-value

N

876

730

146

  

Age (years)(mean, SD)

64.67 ± 13.81

62.78 ± 13.86

74.10 ± 8.75

0.98 (0.79, 1.16)

 < 0.001

Depression score(mean, SD)

3.91 ± 5.50

3.73 ± 4.98

4.79 ± 7.56

0.17 (-0.01, 0.34)

0.033

BMI(mean, SD)

29.02 ± 6.57

29.23 ± 6.57

27.85 ± 6.43

0.21 (0.03, 0.40)

0.024

Handgrip strength(kg) (mean, SD)

32.53 ± 10.96

35.01 ± 10.02

20.15 ± 5.85

1.81 (1.61, 2.01)

 < 0.001

Gender (n, %)

   

0.14 (-0.04, 0.31)

0.137

 Male

403 (46.00%)

344 (85.36%)

59 (14.64%)

  

 Female

473 (54.00%)

386 (81.61)

87 (18.39%)

  

Education (n, %)

   

0.38 (0.20, 0.55)

 < 0.001

 Less than 12 grades

161 (18.38%)

117(72.67%)

44 (27.33%)

  

 High school graduate

178 (20.32%)

146 (82.02%)

32 (17.98%)

  

 Some college

277 (31.62%)

239 (86.28%)

38 (13.72%)

  

 College graduate above

260 (29.68%)

228 (87.69%)

32 (12.31%)

  

Race (n, %)

   

.12 (-0.06, 0.30)

0.458

 Other

156 (17.81%)

130 (83.33%)

26 (16.67%)

  

 Non-Hispanic White

576 (65.75%)

475 (82.47%)

101 (17.53%)

  

 Non-Hispanic Black

144 (16.44%)

125 (86.81%)

19 (13.19%)

  

Marital status (n, %)

   

0.45 (0.27, 0.63)

 < 0.001

 Married

493 (56.34%)

434 (88.03%)

59 (11.97%)

  

 Widowed or divorced

268 (30.63%)

198 (73.88%)

70 (26.12%)

  

 Other

114 (13.03%)

97 (85.09%)

17 (14.91%)

  

Overweight (n, %)

   

0.08 (-0.10, 0.25)

0.404

 Yes

345 (39.38%)

292 (84.64%)

53 (15.36%)

  

 No

531 (60.62%)

438 (82.49%)

93 (17.51%)

  

Arthritis (n, %)

   

0.44 (0.26, 0.62)

 < 0.001

 Yes

455 (51.94%)

354 (77.80%)

101 (22.20%)

  

 No

417 (47.60%)

373 (89.45%)

44 (10.55%)

  

 Not recorded

4 (0.46%)

3 (75.00%)

1 (25.00%)

  

Gout (n, %)

   

0.18 (0.00, 0.36)

0.115

 Yes

81 (9.25%)

61 (75.31%)

20 (24.69%)

  

 No

794 (90.64%)

668 (84.13%)

126 (15.87%)

  

 Not recorded

1 (0.11%)

1 (100.00%)

0 (0.00%)

  

CHF (n, %)

   

0.34 (0.17, 0.52)

 < 0.001

 Yes

59 (6.74%)

37 (62.71%)

22 (37.29%)

  

 No

815 (93.04%)

691 (84.79%)

124 (15.21%)

  

 Not recorded

2 (0.23%)

2 (100.00%)

0 (0.00%)

  

CHD

   

0.31 (0.13, 0.49)

 < 0.001

 Yes

68 (7.76%)

45 (66.18%)

23 (33.82%)

  

 No

803 (91.67%)

681 (84.81%)

122 (15.19%)

  

 Not recorded

5 (0.57%)

4 (80.00%)

1 (20.00%)

  

History of Stroke (n, %)

   

0.32 (0.14, 0.50)

 < 0.001

 Yes

74 (8.45%)

50 (67.57%)

24 (32.43%)

  

 No

800 (91.32%)

679 (84.88%)

121 (15.12%)

  

 Not recorded

2 (0.23%)

1 (50.00%)

1 (50.00%)

  

Thyroid (n, %)

   

0.20 (0.02, 0.37)

0.022

 Yes

178 (20.32%)

142 (79.78%)

36 (20.22%)

  

 No

695 (79.34%)

587 (84.46%)

108 (15.54%)

  

 Not recorded

3 (0.34%)

1 (33.33%)

2 (66.67%)

  

Chronic bronchitis (n, %)

   

0.11 (-0.07, 0.29)

0.331

 Yes

87 (9.93%)

70 (80.46%)

17 (19.54%)

  

 No

787 (89.84%)

659 (83.74%)

128 (16.26%)

  

 Not recorded

2 (0.23%)

1 (50.00%)

1 (50.00%)

  

Liver disease (n, %)

   

0.12 (-0.06, 0.29)

0.172

 Yes

61 (6.96%)

47 (77.05%)

14 (22.95%)

  

 No

815 (93.04%)

683 (83.80%)

132 (16.20%)

  

Depression (n, %)

   

0.12 (-0.06, 0.30)

0.162

 No

763 (87.10%)

641 (84.01%)

122 (15.99%)

  

 Yes

113 (12.90%)

(78.76%)

24 (21.24%)

  

Sleep disorder (n, %)

   

0.14 (-0.04, 0.32)

0.121

 Yes

338 (38.58%)

290 (85.80%)

48 (14.20%)

  

 No

538 (61.42%)

440 (81.78%)

98 (18.22%)

  

Leisure time physical activity (n, %)

   

0.53 (0.35, 0.70)

 < 0.001

 Inactive

562 (64.16%)

444 (79.00%)

118 (21.00%)

  

 Insufficiently active

76 (8.68%)

63 (82.89%)

13 (17.11%)

  

 Sufficiently active

238 (27.17%)

223 (93.70%)

15 (6.30%)

  

Polypharmacy (n, %)

   

0.38 (0.19, 0.56)

 < 0.001

  < 5

453 (57.93%)

394 (86.98%)

59 (13.02%)

  

  >  = 5

329 (42.07%)

250 (75.99%)

79 (24.01%)

  

Type of cancer (n, %)

   

0.29 (0.11, 0.47)

0.201

 Others

176 (20.18%)

148 (84.09%)

28 (15.91%)

  

 Skin

202 (23.17%)

168 (83.17%)

34 (16.83%)

  

 Prostate

121 (13.88%)

101 (83.47%)

20 (16.53%)

  

 Melanoma

58 (6.65%)

53 (91.38%)

5 (8.62%)

  

 Lung

25 (2.87%)

19 (76.00%)

6 (24.00%)

  

 Gynecological

110 (12.61%)

97 (88.18%)

13 (11.82%)

  

 Colon

45 (5.16%)

36 (80.00%)

9 (20.00%)

  

 Breast

135 (15.48%)

104 (77.04%)

31 (22.96%)

  
  1. Not recorded: missing data; CHD Chronic coronary heart disease; CHF Congestive Heart Failure