Table 1 Demographic, Vision, and Excursion Characteristics by Fall Status

Age, mean (SD)

71.1 (7.1)

69.3 (6.7)

0.08

Male, n %

41 (47.1)

56 (53.3)

0.39

Black, n %

22 (25.3)

32 (30.5)

0.43

Living alone, n%

17 (19.5)

18 (17.1)

0.67

Employed, n%

27 (31.0)

41 (39.0)

0.25

Educational attainment, n %

0.77

 High school degree or less

13 (14.9)

17 (16.3)

 Bachelor’s degree or some college

31 (35.7)

43 (41.3)

 Master’s or Doctorate degree

43 (49.4)

44 (42.4)

 Comorbid illness > 1,%

63 (72.4)

58 (55.2)

0.15

 Polypharmacy, n %

31 (35.6)

28 (26.7)

0.18

 Body Mass Index, (kg/m²) mean (SD)

27.3 (4.6)

27.2 (5.4)

0.89

 Maximum Grip Strength for Dominant Hand, (kg) mean (SD)

30.2 (9.2)

33.5 (11.4)

0.03*

 Maximum Leg Strength, (kg) mean (SD)

17.9 (5.5)

17.6 (6.4)

0.71

 Presenting Visual Acuity of better eye, logMAR, median (IQR)

0.04 (−0.02, 0.14)

0.06 (0, 0.18)

0.41

 IVF Sensitivity (dB), median (IQR) ^a

28.0 (25.9, 29.4)

28.1 (26.3, 29.9)

0.57

 IVF ≥ 28 dB, mild damage

45 (51.7)

53 (50.5)

0.99

 IVF > 23 dB and < 28 dB, moderate damage

33 (37.9)

41 (39.0)

 IVF ≤23 dB, severe damage

9 (10.3)

11 (10.5)

 Mean deviation of better eye, median (IQR)

−2.9 (−5.4, −0.9)

−2.4 (−5.2, − 0.4)

0.45

 Binocular log Contrast sensitivity, logCS, median (IQR)

1.7 (1.7, 1.8)

1.7 (1.6, 1.8)

0.77

 Faller, n %

87 (100)

N/A

N/A

 Recurrent Faller, n %

38 (43.7)

 Injurious Faller, n %

35 (40.3)

 Recurrent Injurious Faller, n %

13 (14.9)

 Average number of daily excursions, median (IQR)

2.1 (1.4, 4.0)

2.4 (1.5, 4.3)

0.51

 Average time per excursion (hours), median (IQR)

1.7 (0.8, 2.8)

1.5 (0.9, 2.6)

0.73

 Average daily time away (hours), median (IQR)

3.9 (2.4, 5.4)

4.2 (2.3, 5.7)

1.00