Table 1 Non-visual and visual characteristics of the falls and non-falls participants

Non-visual variables

Age mean (SD)

72 years ( 6.5)

71 years ( 6.5)

Gender male:female % ratio

35%:65%

43%:57%

IDAOPI decile

Median [quartiles]

2*

[1, 4]

6*

[2, 8]

Use of a walking aid %

Always: 16%*

Occasionally: 26.5%*

Always: 4%*

Occasionally: 12%*

FES-I score median [quartiles]

31*

[21,45]

18*

[17,22]

TUTG secs median

[quartiles]

10*

[7.25,13]

7*

[6,8]

Hearing impairment N(%)

32 (38.6%)*

11 (13.3%)*

Number of pre-specified co-morbidities median [quartiles]

2 [1,2]*

1 [1,2]*

Taking more than 4 medications N(%)

52 (62.7%)*

28 (33.7%)*

Socialise out of the home

no. of days

median [quartiles]

5*

[3,6]

6

[5,7]

RAPA median

[quartiles]

4 [3,6]*

6 [4,6]*

EQ-5D VAS score

mean (SD)

53 (21)*

84 (15.4)*

Visual variables

Better eye VA- 6m

(mean±SD)

0.16 ±0.23*

0.07± 0.14*

Better eye VA- 1/3m

(mean±SD)

0.25±0.45*

0.14±0.16*

Pelli Robson contrast sensitivity (log units)

Both eyes- median

[quartiles]

1.65*

[1.35, 1.80]

1.65*

[1.35, 1.80]

CSV-1000E (log units) 3cpd

Both eyes median

[quartiles]

1.63*

[1.49, 1.78]

1.63*

[1.56, 1.78]

CSV-1000E (log units) 6cpd

Both eyes median

[quartiles]

1.70*

[1.38, 1.84]

1.84*

[1.7, 1.99]

CSV-1000E (log units) 12cpd

Both eyes median

[quartiles]

1.08*

[0.61, 1.40]

1.40*

[1.25, 1.54]

CSV-1000E (log units) 18cpd

Both eyes median

[quartiles]

0.64*

[0.17, 0.81]

0.96*

[0.47, 1.10]

Near prism fusion range

median prism dioptres [quartiles]

Base out

20

[12, 30]

Base in

12

[8, 14]

Base out

30

[14, 35]

Base in

14

[10, 16]

Distance prism fusion range

median prism dioptres [quartiles]

12^*

[8, 20]

6

[4, 6]

20^*

[12,25]

6

[4, 8]

Stereoacuity (Frisby)

(seconds of arc)

85*

[40, 170]

55*

[30, 85]

Binocular Esterman visual field

“Fail”- 4 or more adjoining

points missed N (%)

14 (17%)

10 (12%)