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Table 1 Descriptive data showing all variables by sex (n = 9211)

From: Multimorbidity resilience and COVID-19 pandemic self-reported impact and worry among older adults: a study based on the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)

 

All

participants

N = 9211

n/% or mean(SD)

Female participants

n = 5004

n/% or mean(SD)

Male participants

n = 4207

n/% or mean(SD)

χ 2(df)/t test (df)

Sex

 

–

–

 

 Female

5004/ 54.33

   

 Male

4207/ 45.67

   

Age

   

4.27(1) *

 65 to 74 years old

4835/ 52.49

2676/ 53.48

2159/ 51.32

 

 75 years and older

4376/ 47.51

2328/ 46.52

2048/ 48.68

 

Marital status

   

676.50 (1) ***

 Not married

3239/ 35.18

2353/ 47.05

886/ 21.07

 

 Married / Common law

5968/ 64.82

2648/ 52.95

3320/ 78.93

 

Household size

   

528.02 (2) ***

 1 person

2795/ 31.26

2017/ 41.57

778/ 19.03

 

 2 persons

5178/ 57.91

2363/ 48.70

2815/ 68.84

 

 3 persons and more

968/ 10.83

472/ 9.73

496/ 12.13

 

Highest education

   

200.24 (2) ***

 No post-secondary education

2194/ 23.84

1333/ 26.67

861/ 20.49

 

 Post-secondary education

2834/ 30.80

1735/ 34.71

1099/ 26.15

 

 University degrees

4174/ 45.36

1931/ 38.63

2243/ 53.37

 

Work status

   

42.28 (1) ***

 Work

841/ 9.42

369/ 7.58

472/ 11.62

 

 Non-working

8087/ 90.58

4497/ 92.42

3590/ 88.38

 

Personal income

   

725.12 (3) ***

 Less than $20,000

1186/ 13.61

937/ 20.11

249/ 6.15

 

 $20,000 to $49,999

3805/ 43.68

2251/ 48.30

1554/ 38.35

 

 $50,000 to $99,999

2895/ 33.23

1255/ 26.93

1640/ 40.47

 

 $100,000 and more

826/ 9.48

217/ 4.66

609/ 15.03

 

Living area

   

0.01 (1)

 Rural area

824/ 8.99

446/ 8.96

378/ 9.02

 

 Urban area

8343/ 91.01

4531/ 91.04

3812/ 90.98

 

Country of birth

   

23.51 (1) ***

 Canada

7409/ 80.44

4117/ 82.27

3292/ 78.25

 

 Out of Canada

1802/ 19.56

887/ 17.73

915/ 21.75

 

Ethnicity status

   

6.02 (1) *

 Not visible minority

8873/ 96.42

4843/ 96.86

4030/ 95.91

 

 Visible minority

329/ 3.58

157/ 3.14

172/ 4.09

 

Total resilience score

6.45 (1.62)

6.25 (1.68)

6.66 (1.52)

−11.30 (7583) ***

Functional resilience score

7.23 (1.87

6.97 (2.09)

7.51 (1.55)

−13.32 (7561) ***

Psychological resilience score

5.18 (2.89)

4.91 (2.89)

5.50 (2.85)

−9.74 (8708) ***

Social resilience score

6.71 (1.90)

6.60 (1.92)

6.84 (1.87)

−5.95 (8714) ***

Personal worry at Baseline wave

   

6.52 (1) *

 Less worry

4095/ 52.09

2191/ 50.79

1904/ 53.68

 

 More worry

3766/ 47.91

2123/ 49.21

1643/ 46.32

 

Comprehensive impact at Baseline wave

   

27.51 (1) ***

 Positive

3244/ 38.40

1857/ 40.98

1387/ 35.41

 

 Negative

5205/ 61.60

2675/ 59.02

2530/ 64.59

 

Comprehensive impact at Exit wave

   

0.34 (1)

 Positive

2718/ 35.74

1465/ 35.45

1253/ 36.09

 

 Negative

4887/ 64.26

2668/ 64.55

2219/ 63.91

 
  1. Note: * p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < .001