Table 3 Comparison of psychological variables between Swiss (N =146) and Italian (N =425) caregivers
Variable | All sample Mean (SD) [min/max] | Italians Mean (SD) [min/max] | Swiss Mean (SD) [min/max] | T statistics* (df) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZBI | |||||
 Caregiver burden | 54.30 (18.33) [6-88] | 48.75 (16.90) [6-88] | 70.46 (11.48) [33-88] | -14.41 (569) | <0.001 |
DASS-21 | |||||
 Depression | 11.79 (6.12) [0-21] | 10.23 (6.17) [0-21] | 16.36 (2.76) [10–21] | -11.61 (569) | <0.001 |
 Anxiety | 10.04 (6.93) [0-21] | 7.82 (6.48) [0-21] | 16.50 (3.05) [4–21] | -15.59 (569) | <0.001 |
 Stress | 12.95 (5.53) [0-21] | 11.60 (5.60) [0-21] | 16.89 (2.71) [8–21] | -10.97 (569) | <0.001 |
UCLALS3 | |||||
 Loneliness | 6.77 (2.06) [3–9] | 6.29 (0.10) [3–9] | 8.20 (0.79) [5–9] | -10.62 (569) | <0.001 |