Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants by intervention group at baseline
Characteristic | Cognitively Enhanced Tai Ji Quan (n = 23) | Standard Tai Ji Quan (n = 22) | Stretching (n = 24) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age – yr., mean (SD) | 74.4 (5.1) | 74.5 (5.6) | 74.9 (6.3) |
Female sex, No. (%) | 16 (69.6) | 8 (36.4) | 15 (62.5) |
Race/Ethnicity,a No. (%) | |||
Non-Hispanic white | 22 (95.7) | 21 (95.5) | 21 (87.5) |
African American | 1 (4.3) | 0 | 0 |
Asian | 0 | 0 | 1 (4.2) |
Hispanic | 0 | 0 | 1 (4.2) |
Other | 0 | 1 (4.5) | 1 (4.2) |
Education, No. (%) | |||
High school diploma or lower | 12 (52.2) | 10 (45.5) | 13 (54.2) |
College degree or higher | 11 (47.8) | 12 (54.5) | 11 (45.8) |
Body mass index,b mean (SD) | 29.9 (6.10) | 27.7 (5.05) | 27.9 (5.77) |
Resting blood pressure - mm Hg, mean (SD) | |||
Systolic | 125.65 (13.71) | 126.73 (9.09) | 125.92 (14.33) |
Diastolic | 73.78 (6.42) | 72.91 (6.74) | 72.42 (8.68) |
Depression,c mean (SD) | 3.09 (1.31) | 3.23 (1.66) | 3.33 (1.24) |
MMSE, mean (SD) | 26.96 (1.87) | 26.95 (1.91) | 26.88 (2.19) |
Self-reported chronic conditions, No. (%) | |||
None | 2 (8.7) | 1 (4.5) | 1 (4.2) |
1 | 5 (21.7) | 10 (45.5) | 5 (20.8) |
2 | 5 (21.7) | 4 (18.2) | 5 (20.8) |
≥3 | 11 (47.8) | 7 (31.8) | 13 (54.2) |
Self-reported medication use, No. (%) | |||
None | 7 (30.4) | 7 (31.8) | 7 (29.2) |
1 medication | 9 (39.1) | 7 (31.8) | 8 (33.3) |
2 medications | 5 (21.7) | 6 (27.3) | 4 (16.7) |
≥3 medications | 2 (8.8) | 2 (9.1) | 5 (20.8) |