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Table 1 Ratio of unintentional fall mortality before and after correcting data coding in 94 countries/territories, 1990–2019

From: Coding quality of deaths and its impact on elderly unintentional fall mortality data from 1990 to 2019: a retrospective analysis of the WHO Mortality Database

Level of quality

Country/territory (number of years, median, minimum-maximum)

Highest

6 countries/territories: Belarus (1, 1.00, 1.00–1.00), New Zealand (17, 1.02, 1.01–1.03), Singapore (7, 1.02, 1.01–1.03), Cuba (17, 1.03, 1.02–1.04), Hungary (24, 1.03, 1.00–1.06), Mongolia (1, 1.03, 1.03–1.03)

Higher

10 countries/territories: Malta (23, 1.00, 1.00–1.15), Switzerland (23, 1.07, 1.05–1.16), Turkey (9, 1.07, 1.02–1.17), Estonia (8, 1.08, 1.05–1.12), Romania (20, 1.08, 1.04–1.13), Lithuania (20, 1.09, 1.04–1.18), Japan (23, 1.10, 1.07–1.14), Sri Lanka (8, 1.10, 1.05–1.13), Bulgaria (6, 1.12, 1.04–1.17), Poland (20, 1.16, 1.10–1.19)

High

7 countries/territories: Kuwait (23, 1.03, 1.00–1.26), El Salvador (19, 1.11, 1.03–1.26), United States of America (19, 1.14, 1.11–1.25), Kyrgyzstan (17, 1.16, 1.05–1.23), Latvia (11, 1.17, 1.11–1.22), Germany (21, 1.20, 1.15–1.23), Greece (4, 1.27, 1.19–1.29)

Low

8 countries/territories: Belize (20, 1.01, 1.00–1.40a), Croatia (23, 1.08, 1.04–1.34), Armenia (4, 1.22, 1.09–1.34), Republic of Moldova (12, 1.25, 1.17–1.33), Ireland (9, 1.27, 1.16–1.36), Slovakia (4, 1.29, 1.01–1.35), Spain (19, 1.30, 1.25–1.40a), Serbia (1, 1.34, 1.34–1.34)

Lower

4 countries/territories: China, Hong Kong SAR (17, 1.24, 1.11–1.48), Philippines (10, 1.28, 1.05–1.41), Honduras (6, 1.30, 1.26–1.49), Brunei Darussalam (4, 1.34, 1.18–1.44)

Lowest

59 countries/territories: Grenada (18, 1.00, 1.00–1.88), Virgin Islands (USA) (17, 1.00, 1.00–1.52), Saint Vincent and Grenadines (18, 1.02, 1.00–1.66), Barbados (14, 1.04, 1.01–2.87), Saint Lucia (19, 1.14, 1.00–2.40), Iceland (16, 1.15, 1.00–1.98), Panama (20, 1.16, 1.05–1.59), Czech Republic (26, 1.18, 1.06–2.61), Colombia (21, 1.22, 1.14–1.58), Puerto Rico (19, 1.22, 1.06–1.50), Maldives (10, 1.25, 1.04–1.94), Aruba (18, 1.26, 1.04–1.83), Canada (18, 1.26, 1.16–1.62), Chile (22, 1.26, 1.11–2.44), Australia (20, 1.28, 1.24–2.00), Suriname (20, 1.28, 1.02–2.00), Venezuela (19, 1.33, 1.27–1.55), Mauritius (15, 1.34, 1.06–2.26), Brazil (23, 1.35, 1.22–1.80), Norway (21, 1.35, 1.08–2.24), Netherlands (23, 1.38, 1.13–2.26), Republic of Korea (23, 1.39, 1.07–1.70), Bahamas (16, 1.41, 1.07–2.56), Belgium (17, 1.42, 1.27–1.52), Luxembourg (20, 1.47, 1.27–1.93), Denmark (25, 1.50, 1.04–2.63), Antigua and Barbuda (18, 1.54, 1.02–2.00), Portugal (14, 1.60, 1.24–1.78), United Kingdom (16, 1.60, 1.30–1.71), Austria (18, 1.66, 1.08–1.91), Ecuador (21, 1.66, 1.48–1.93), Nicaragua (22, 1.69, 1.25–5.02), Fiji (11, 1.70, 1.00–2.70), France (17, 1.70, 1.64–1.81), Jordan (6, 1.76, 1.25–2.17), Thailand (14, 1.76, 1.52–2.89), Sweden (22, 1.78, 1.66–1.98), Mexico (20, 1.81, 1.66–1.95), Trinidad and Tobago (14, 1.81, 1.33–2.07), Guyana (14, 1.82, 1.47–3.44), Georgia (15, 1.96, 1.35–6.20), Haiti (6, 1.97, 1.74–3.59), Peru (19, 1.99, 1.35–3.45), Dominican Republic (18, 2.05, 1.68–2.57), Italy (15, 2.22, 1.98–2.50), Paraguay (22, 2.22, 1.73–3.15), Uruguay (20, 2.30, 1.76–2.86), Cyprus (15, 2.33, 1.67–3.09), Israel (21, 2.41, 1.83–2.75), Oman (4, 2.70, 1.84–4.02), Argentina (22, 2.74, 1.84–3.12), Costa Rica (22, 2.91, 2.59–4.26), Lebanon (3, 3.25, 2.50–3.59), Guatemala (13, 3.39, 2.39–5.87), Saudi Arabia (1, 4.28, 4.28–4.28), Jamaica (13, 4.29, 2.23–10.00), Morocco (15, 4.38, 1.79–9.86), Bolivia (4, 6.93, 6.58–7.27), Tunisia (2, 7.30, 6.35–8.24)

  1. Note: Countries were divided into six categories according to the maximum ratio of corrected/uncorrected unintentional fall mortality for adults aged 65 years and older: ① highest, 1.00–1.09; ② higher, 1.10–1.19; ③ high, 1.20–1.29; ④ low, 1.30–1.39; ⑤ lower, 1.40–1.49; ⑥ lowest, ≥1.50
  2. aThe maximum value was less than 1.40 but was rounded to 1.40 when two decimal places were kept