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Table 6 Modification of the Effect of Loneliness on 3-year Mortality by Living Arrangement

From: Living arrangement modifies the associations of loneliness with adverse health outcomes in older adults: evidence from the CLHLS

 

No Loneliness

Loneliness

Hazard Ratio (95% CI) for the Association Between Loneliness and 3-year Mortality Within Each Stratum of Living Arrangement

 

3-year Mortality

Per 100 Person-years

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

3-year Mortality

Per 100 Person-years

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

Longitudinal Analyses

    

Total Sample a

8.6

1.0 (reference)

13.4

1.10 (1.02–1.19)

P = 0.012

–

NLA

8.6

1.0 (reference)

14.8

1.14 (1.05–1.24)

P = 0.002

1.14 (1.05–1.24)

P = 0.002

LA

8.5

1.07 (0.91–1.25)

P = 0.399

10.0

1.01 (0.87–1.17)

P = 0.918

0.92 (0.76–1.11)

P = 0.403

  1. Note. NLA, not living alone; LA, living alone
  2. Measure of effect modification on multiplicative scale: OR (95% CI) = 0.74 (0.57–0.96), P = 0.026. Adjusted for age, gender, race, marital status, residence, occupation, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, living preference, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, social/leisure activity score, physical exercise, poor self-rated health, poor interviewer-rated health, comorbidities (≥2), hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, serious illness in the past 2 years, hearing problem, visual impairment, cognitive impairment, functional limitation, and frailty
  3. a Living arrangements were also adjusted