Living arrangement modifies the associations of loneliness with adverse health outcomes in older adults: evidence from the CLHLS

Table 2 Associations of Living Alone with Prevalent and Incident Loneliness

Note. NLA, not living alone; LA, living alone
^a Model 1: no covariate was adjusted. Model 2: Adjusted for age, gender, race, marital status, residence, occupation, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, and living preference. Model 3: Adjusted for the covariates in Model 2 and socioeconomic status, dietary habits, social/leisure activity score, physical exercise, poor self-rated health, poor interviewer-rated health, comorbidities (≥2), hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, serious illness in the past 2 years, hearing problem, visual impairment
^b For 9166 participants being not lonely at baseline. Model 1: no covariate was adjusted. Model 2: Adjusted for age, gender, race, occupation, education, and changes in marital status, residence, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking and living preference. Model 3: Adjusted for the covariates in Model 2 and hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and changes in socioeconomic status, dietary habits, social/leisure activity score, physical exercise, self-rated health, interviewer-rated health, comorbidity number, serious illness in the past 2 years, hearing problem and visual impairment from 2008/2009 to 2011/2012

ISSN: 1471-2318