Total (n = 5571) | Normal (n = 4007) | Mild (n = 1255) | Dementia (n = 309) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Race/Ethnicity | <.0001 | ||||
Non-Hispanic White (NHW) | 54.9% | 61.2% | 39.8% | 34.6% | |
Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) | 24.1% | 20.5% | 33.1% | 33.7% | |
Hispanic | 17.3% | 14.3% | 23.9% | 28.8% | |
Other | 3.8% | 4.0% | 3.2% | 2.9% | |
Gender | 0.0002 | ||||
Male | 44.7% | 46.4% | 41.0% | 37.9% | |
Female | 55.3% | 53.6% | 59.0% | 62.1% | |
Age at first assessment | <.0001 | ||||
Mean (SD) | 67.2 (9.88) | 66.0 (9.26) | 69.6 (10.57) | 73.5 (10.71) | |
Education level | <.0001 | ||||
Less than high school | 26.3% | 17.4% | 45.3% | 65.1% | |
GED/High school graduate | 34.5% | 35.7% | 33.0% | 24.6% | |
Some college | 22.9% | 26.6% | 15.0% | 7.1% | |
College and above | 16.3% | 20.3% | 6.8% | 3.2% | |
Household income and assets [median (IQR)/quartile] | |||||
1st Quartile | $18,312 (8906–36,512) | $20,412 (9292–39,096) | $16,729 (8764–34,480) | $12,000 (8088–25,008) | 0.58 |
2nd Quartile | $122,896 (88,618 - 160,250) | $125,300 (90,224 - 162,000) | $116,596 (83,432 - 153,200) | $128,148 (79,780 - 160,799) | 0.03 |
3rd Quartile | $313,010 (250,537 - 410,561) | $314,028 (250,412 - 410,000) | $308,697 (249,000 - 419,500) | $317,052 (272,902 - 412,359) | 0.68 |
4th Quartile | $888,267 (680,020 - 1,388,797) | $899,800 (678,888 - 1,411,640) | $847,865 (700,100 - 1,113,872) | $833,672 (637,253 - 1,846,832) | 0.48 |
Clinical/Behavioral | |||||
Comorbidity group | <.0001 | ||||
Low comorbidity (0–1) | 25.9% | 28.1% | 21.3% | 16.8% | |
Moderate comorbidity (2–3) | 53.1% | 53.1% | 53.5% | 51.8% | |
High comorbidity (4+) | 21.0% | 18.9% | 25.3% | 31.4% | |
BMI category | <.0001 | ||||
Underweight | 0.6% | 0.3% | 1.1% | 2.0% | |
Normal weight | 14.5% | 12.8% | 17.9% | 22.9% | |
Overweight | 32.7% | 32.0% | 34.2% | 36.6% | |
Obese | 52.2% | 54.9% | 46.8% | 38.5% | |
Smoking status | 0.07 | ||||
Non-smoker | 41.5% | 42.3% | 38.3% | 44.3% | |
Former smoker | 45.1% | 44.9% | 46.7% | 42.4% | |
Current smoker | 13.4% | 12.8% | 15.0% | 13.3% | |
Social Factors | |||||
Perceived social support –positive | 0.99 | ||||
Mean (SD) | 3.09 (0.57) | 3.09 (0.55) | 3.09 (0.61) | 3.09 (0.64) | |
Perceived social support –negative | 0.48 | ||||
Mean (SD) | 1.71 (0.51) | 1.70 (0.49) | 1.72 (0.57) | 1.69 (0.55) | |
Loneliness | <.0001 | ||||
Mean (SD) | 1.55 (0.57) | 1.53 (0.56) | 1.62 (0.58) | 1.64 (0.59) | |
Social participation | <.0001 | ||||
Mean (SD) | 7.38 (3.29) | 7.91 (3.12) | 6.15 (3.21) | 4.61 (3.36) | |
Perceived constraints on personal control | <.0001 | ||||
Mean (SD) | 2.38 (1.25) | 2.25 (1.19) | 2.71 (1.34) | 2.98 (1.34) | |
Perceived mastery on personal control | <.0001 | ||||
Mean (SD) | 4.65 (1.16) | 4.72 (1.11) | 4.49 (1.25) | 4.14 (1.40) |