|
Cognition and autonomy
|
|
Cognitive assessment (MoCA score)
|
Cut-points according to age and socio-cultural level (GRECOGVASC): Preservation = 0, Fragility = 1 (MoCA score < − 1 SD) [14, 15]
|
|
Processing speed assessment (Coding score)
|
Cut-points according to age (WAIS-IV): Preservation = 0, Fragility = 1 (Coding score < − 1 SD) [16, 17]
|
|
Autonomy assessment (4-item IADL score)
|
< 1 = 0, ≥ 1 = 1 [18]
|
|
Able to manage his/her daily life if alone for 15 days
|
Yes = 0, No = 1
|
|
Dietetics
|
|
Overall nutritional intakes
|
Sufficient = 0, Insufficient = 1
|
|
Calcium intakes
|
Sufficient = 0, Insufficient = 1
|
|
Protein intakes
|
Sufficient = 0, Insufficient = 1
|
|
Physical activity and risk of falling
|
|
Marshall physical activity assessment score
|
≥ 4 = 0, < 4 = 1 [19]
|
|
One or more falls in the past year
|
No = 0, Yes = 1
|
|
Gait speed test (4-m)
|
≥ 1 m/s = 0, < 1 m/s = 1 [20]
|
|
Handgrip strength test
|
Men: ≥ 30 kg = 0, < 30 kg = 1; Women: ≥ 20 kg = 0, < 20 kg = 1 [21]
|
|
Comorbidities
|
|
Cardiovascular disease
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (History of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, angina or arteritis of the lower limbs)
|
|
Other heart disease
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (History of arrhythmia or valvular heart disease)
|
|
High blood pressure
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (SBP > 140 mmHg or DBP > 90 mmHg or history of HBP)
|
|
Diabetes
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (HbA1c > 6.5% or history of diabetes)
|
|
Dyslipidaemia
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (Total cholesterol ≥2 g/l or triglycerides ≥1.5 g/l or history of dyslipidaemia)
|
|
Cancer
|
No = 0, Yes = 1
|
|
Airway obstruction
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (FEV1/FVC < 0.7 or history of COPD) [22]
|
|
Thyroid disease
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (Abnormal hs-TSH according to laboratory standards or history of thyroid disease)
|
|
Vision disease
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (History of cataract, glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration)
|
|
Anxiety
|
HAD < 8 = 0, HAD ≥8 and < 11 = 0.5, HAD ≥11 = 1 [23]
|
|
Depression
|
HAD < 8 = 0, HAD ≥8 and < 11 = 0.5, HAD ≥11 = 1 [23]
|
|
Regular treatment
|
No = 0, Yes = 1
|
|
Functional signs
|
|
Chronic sleep disorders
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (Any disorder during at least 3 nights per week, for at least 3 months, despite habits and conditions suitable for sleep)
|
|
Difficulty retaining urine
|
No = 0, Yes = 1
|
|
Lab values and paraclinical examinations
|
|
Anaemia
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (Hb < 13.5 g/100 ml in men, Hb < 12.5 g/100 ml in women)
|
|
Elevated hs-CRP
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (> 3 mg/l) [24]
|
|
Elevated liver enzymes (ALAT, ASAT or GGT)
|
No = 0, Yes = 1 (According to laboratory standards)
|
|
Body mass index
|
BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 and < 25 kg/m2 = 0, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2 = 0.5, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 or ≥ 30 kg/m2 = 1 [25]
|
|
Pure tone audiometry
|
PTA4 ≤ 25 dB in each ear = 0, PTA4 > 25 dB in at least one ear = 1 [26]
|
|
Hip bone mineral density
|
Normal (T-score > − 1) = 0, Osteopenia (T-score = [− 1, − 2.5[) = 0.5, Osteoporosis (T-score ≤ − 2.5) = 1 [27]
|
|
Lumbar spine bone mineral density
|
Normal (T-score > − 1) = 0, Osteopenia (T-score = [− 1, − 2.5[) = 0.5, Osteoporosis (T-score ≤ − 2.5) = 1 [27]
|
|
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
|
Normal = 0, Sarcopenia = 1 (aLM/Ht2 ≤ 7.23 kg/m2 in men, ≤ 5.67 kg/m2 in women) (20)
|
|
Electrocardiogram
|
No or minor anomalies = 0, Anomalies = 1
|
