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Table 1 Variables and cut-points for the Frailty Index

From: The relationship between social deprivation and a frailty index of cumulative deficits in French middle-aged caregivers

Variables

Coding

Cognition and autonomy

 Cognitive assessment (MoCA score)

Cut-points according to age and socio-cultural level (GRECOGVASC): Preservation = 0, Fragility = 1 (MoCA score < − 1 SD) [14, 15]

 Processing speed assessment (Coding score)

Cut-points according to age (WAIS-IV): Preservation = 0, Fragility = 1 (Coding score < − 1 SD) [16, 17]

 Autonomy assessment (4-item IADL score)

<  1 = 0, ≥ 1 = 1 [18]

 Able to manage his/her daily life if alone for 15 days

Yes = 0, No = 1

Dietetics

 Overall nutritional intakes

Sufficient = 0, Insufficient = 1

 Calcium intakes

Sufficient = 0, Insufficient = 1

 Protein intakes

Sufficient = 0, Insufficient = 1

Physical activity and risk of falling

 Marshall physical activity assessment score

≥ 4 = 0, <  4 = 1 [19]

 One or more falls in the past year

No = 0, Yes = 1

 Gait speed test (4-m)

≥ 1 m/s = 0, <  1 m/s = 1 [20]

 Handgrip strength test

Men: ≥ 30 kg = 0, <  30 kg = 1; Women: ≥ 20 kg = 0, <  20 kg = 1 [21]

Comorbidities

 Cardiovascular disease

No = 0, Yes = 1 (History of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, angina or arteritis of the lower limbs)

 Other heart disease

No = 0, Yes = 1 (History of arrhythmia or valvular heart disease)

 High blood pressure

No = 0, Yes = 1 (SBP > 140 mmHg or DBP > 90 mmHg or history of HBP)

 Diabetes

No = 0, Yes = 1 (HbA1c > 6.5% or history of diabetes)

 Dyslipidaemia

No = 0, Yes = 1 (Total cholesterol ≥2 g/l or triglycerides ≥1.5 g/l or history of dyslipidaemia)

 Cancer

No = 0, Yes = 1

 Airway obstruction

No = 0, Yes = 1 (FEV1/FVC < 0.7 or history of COPD) [22]

 Thyroid disease

No = 0, Yes = 1 (Abnormal hs-TSH according to laboratory standards or history of thyroid disease)

 Vision disease

No = 0, Yes = 1 (History of cataract, glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration)

 Anxiety

HAD < 8 = 0, HAD ≥8 and < 11 = 0.5, HAD ≥11 = 1 [23]

 Depression

HAD < 8 = 0, HAD ≥8 and < 11 = 0.5, HAD ≥11 = 1 [23]

Regular treatment

No = 0, Yes = 1

Functional signs

 Chronic sleep disorders

No = 0, Yes = 1 (Any disorder during at least 3 nights per week, for at least 3 months, despite habits and conditions suitable for sleep)

 Difficulty retaining urine

No = 0, Yes = 1

Lab values and paraclinical examinations

 Anaemia

No = 0, Yes = 1 (Hb < 13.5 g/100 ml in men, Hb < 12.5 g/100 ml in women)

 Elevated hs-CRP

No = 0, Yes = 1 (>  3 mg/l) [24]

 Elevated liver enzymes (ALAT, ASAT or GGT)

No = 0, Yes = 1 (According to laboratory standards)

 Body mass index

BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 and < 25 kg/m2 = 0, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2 = 0.5, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 or ≥ 30 kg/m2 = 1 [25]

 Pure tone audiometry

PTA4 ≤ 25 dB in each ear = 0, PTA4 > 25 dB in at least one ear = 1 [26]

 Hip bone mineral density

Normal (T-score > − 1) = 0, Osteopenia (T-score = [− 1, − 2.5[) = 0.5, Osteoporosis (T-score ≤ − 2.5) = 1 [27]

 Lumbar spine bone mineral density

Normal (T-score > − 1) = 0, Osteopenia (T-score = [− 1, − 2.5[) = 0.5, Osteoporosis (T-score ≤ − 2.5) = 1 [27]

 Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Normal = 0, Sarcopenia = 1 (aLM/Ht2 ≤ 7.23 kg/m2 in men, ≤ 5.67 kg/m2 in women) (20)

 Electrocardiogram

No or minor anomalies = 0, Anomalies = 1

  1. MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, GRECOGVASC Groupe de Réflexion pour l’Évaluation COGnitive Vasculaire, SD Standard deviation, WAIS-IV Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-4th edition, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, HBP High Blood Pressure, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, HbA1c Haemoglobin a1c Protein, FEV1 Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s, FVC Forced Vital Capacity, hs-TSH high-sensitivity Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, HAD Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Hb Haemoglobin, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, ASAT Aspartame Aminotransferase, ALAT Alanine Aminotransferase, GGT Gamma-GT, BMI Body Mass Index, PTA4 Pure-Tone Average of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 kHz, dB Decibel, aLM/Ht2 appendicular fat lean mass/ ht2