Table 2 Critical appraisal of the 11 studies with the use of Quality Criteria Checklista
Celikbilek, 2018 [22] | Elliott, 2013 [23] | Felipo, 2012 [24] | Filipovic, 2018 [21] | Seo, 2016 [32] | Takahashi, 2017 [28] | Tarter, 1984 [30] | Tarter, 1987 [31] | Tuttolomondo, 2018 [33] | Weinstein, 2018 [27] | Weinstein, 2019 [29] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relevance Questions | |||||||||||
1. Would implementing the studied intervention or procedure (if found successful) result in improved outcomes for the patients/clients/population group? | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
2. Did the authors study an outcome (dependent variable) or topic that the patients/clients/population group would care about? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
3. Is the focus of the intervention or procedure (independent variable) or topic of study a common issue of concern to dietetics practice? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
4. Is the intervention or procedure feasible? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Validity Questions | |||||||||||
1. Was the research question clearly stated? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
2. Was the selection of study subjects/patients free from bias? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
3. Were study groups comparable or was an appropriate reference standard used? | Y | N | Unclear | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
4. Were methods of handling losses from the original sample (withdrawals) described? | Y | N | NA | Y | N | N | N | N | NA | NA | Y |
5. Was blinding used to prevent introduction of bias? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Unclear | Y | Y | Y | Y |
6. Was the intervention/treatment regimen/exposure factor, procedure, process or product of interest, and any comparison(s) described in detail? Were intervening factors described? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
7. Were outcomes or condition or status of interest clearly defined and the measurements valid and reliable? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
8. Was the statistical analysis appropriate for the study design and type of outcome indicators? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Unclear | Y | Y | Y |
9. Are conclusions supported by results with biases and limitations taken into consideration? | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
10. Is bias due to study’s funding or sponsorship unlikely? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
Overall Ratingb | Positive + | Positive + | Positive + | Positive + | Positive + | Positive + | Positive + | Neutral Ø | Neutral Ø | Positive + | Positive + |