Table 1 Anthropometric data of all participants and subdivided into trained (HPF) and untrained control group (LPF)

Age [y]

75.25

5.44

74.4

5.7

76.1

5.2

Height [cm]

167.02

9.22

166.7

9.8

167.3

8.9

Body mass [kg]

79.96

18.34

71.54 *

14.69

88.41

18.22

BMI [kg/m²]

28.22

5.05

25.51 **

3.13

30.93

5.23

Skeletal muscle mass [kg]

28.47

6.23

28.04

6.13

28.90

6.53

Body fat mass [kg]

27.80

11.50

20.20 ***

6.79

35.40

10.14

Body fat [%]

33.80

8.80

27.80 ***

6.18

39.70

6.80

Skeletal muscle mass/Body surface area [kg/m²]

15.00

1.71

15.40

1.62

14.80

1.72

VO₂peak/kg [l/min/kg]

21.25

5.586

24.71 ***

4.79

17.20

3.26

VO₂VT1 [l/min]

1.04

0.35

1.10

0.37

0.97

0.32